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Progress in research on nutritional requirements and feed additives for Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica):a review
ZHANG Xiang, WANG Zufeng
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 543-.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-204
Abstract （3569）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （591KB）（1223）       Save
The Japanese eel ( Anguilla   japonica ) is one of the important aquaculture fish in China. To facilitate feed manufacture and the development of eel industry, it is critical to study nutritional requirements of this species. In this article, we provide up-to-date information regarding protein, lipid, vitamin and mineral requirements of the Japanese eel, and summarize studies on both replacements of scarce natural nutrients with more sustainable alternatives (e.g., plant proteins) and feed additive functions. To bridge the current major research gaps in knowledge of nutrition needs, we suggest that, in the future, special attention should be paid on comprehensive understanding of nutrients required at different growth stages of the Japanese eel, particularly in larval stage. Moreover, nutritional requirement database for the Japanese eel should be established. Researches on functions of multi-additives and interactions between different additives should be enhanced; mechanisms underlying synergistic and antagonistic interactions should be understood in depth. To sum up, the information and suggestions in this article will be helpful for better understanding of the nutritional requirements of the Japanese eel, for formulating nutritionally balanced feed, and for facilitating the sustainable development of eel aquaculture industry.
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Detection and identification of fish in electronic monitoring data of commercial fishing vessels based on improved Yolov8
YUAN Hongchun, TAO Lei
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 533-542.  
Abstract （3527）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （18870KB）（1286）       Save
In order to solve the problems of high labor cost and heavy workload in detection and identification of fish in the electronic monitoring data of traditional commercial fishing vessels, an improved detection and identification method of fish in the electronic monitoring data of Yolov8 commercial fishing vessels was employed. In this method, the GCBlock structure was used in the backbone network to model the remote dependency relationship and increase the ability of feature extraction; a novel GSConv convolution method was used at the Neck terminal to reduce the network computation; SIOU loss function was used to solve the limitation of CIOU loss function and improve the network detection accuracy. The results showed that the mAP@0.5 of the proposed Yolov8n-GCBlock-GSConv method on different labels (L1 and L2) of FishNet dataset was 43.6% and 52.7%, respectively, which was 2.0% and 4.3% higher than that of the original Yolov8n model. The computational complexity is 7.7 GFLOPS, which is 0.5 GFLOPS lower than that of the original model. The research data indicate that the Yolov8n-GCBlock-GSConv network model can quickly and accurately detect and identify fish in the electronic monitoring data of commercial fishing vessels with lower cost.
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Field test on the flow velocity characteristics of tank aboard an aquaculture vessel
QIN Kang, CUI Mingchao, LIU Huang, ZHANG Chenglin
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 524-532.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-223
Abstract （3422）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （5428KB）（1210）       Save
Deep-sea aquaculture, represented by cruising aquaculture vessels, is an emerging aquaculture method to expand ocean space. In order to understanding of the influence of rolling motion on the flow velocity in fish tank aboard aquaculture vessels, the field test method is used to probe the flow velocity characteristics in the fish tank of an aquaculture vessel, and to analyze its suitability for fishing. The results showed that the influence of rolling motion on the horizontal flow velocity in the fish tank was ignored under the slight rolling condition, and the velocity variations was attributed to jets. Under a high sea state with a larger rolling motion, the influence of rolling motion on the horizontal flow velocity in the fish tank was remarkable. The horizontal flow velocity in the fish tank was found to be increased, and the position of the maximum horizontal flow velocity was shown to be shifted to the middle of the tank with the increase in the rolling angle amplitude at the constant rolling period. The vertical flow velocity in the central area of the tank was generally upward, and the vertical flow velocity in the area near the bulkhead was generally downward under the slight rolling condition. The vertical flow velocity area at the center of the tank was reduced, and the maximum vertical flow velocity in the upward direction was decreased with the increase in the rolling angle amplitude during the constant rolling period, promoting the sedimentation of biological solids in the central area of the fish tank, which is more conducive to sewage collection and discharge. When the angular amplitude of the rolling motion is not more than 5°, the flow velocity in the fish tank aboard an aquaculture vessel at anchor is suitable for the cultivation of  Larimichthys   crocea  over 1 year old, of which body length is longer than 27 cm.
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Spatial and temporal distribution and functional group characteristics of plankton community in Jixi wetland, Jinan City
HOU Enguang, SHANG Shuqin, GUAN Sisi, SUN Shihan, BAI Haifeng, YIN Xuwang
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 482-493.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-024
Abstract （3368）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （4273KB）（1188）       Save
To understand the structure of aquatic community and the status of ecological environment in Jixi wetland, Jinan City, the plankton species was investigated from January to December 2021 in Jixi wetland, the environmental factors and their influential effects were also analyzed at the same time. The results showed that a total of 66 zooplankton species belonging to 4 categories were identified with the average density of zooplankton was 181.8 ind./L. The dominant species was identified as rotifera accounting for 56.06%.The identified zooplankton could be divided into 7 functional groups, of which the RF group was the representative functional group. A total of 180 taxa belonging to 8 phyla of phytoplankton species were collected with Chlorophyta as the dominant species (accounting for 40.56%), the average density of phytoplankton was 1 052.2×10 4  cells/L. The phytoplankton community could be divided into 29 functional groups, of which the MP, J, L0, D and X1 groups were identified as representative functional groups. The mean value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index ( H ′) of zooplankton and phytoplankton were 2.504 and 2.828, respectively, and the average Pielou evenness index ( J ) value of zooplankton and phytoplankton were 0.708 and 0.722, respectively. The water quality evaluation results showed that the water quality of Jixi wetland was at the middle trophic level, and water body was slightly polluted. Redundancy analysis (RDA) between plankton and environmental factors showed that WT, COND and   were the main factors driving spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community in Jixi wetland ( P <0.05). The results of this study showed that there are season and space specific variations of composition and biological density of plankton in Jixi wetland, and the water of Jixi wetland was at the middle trophic level.
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Spatial and temporal characteristics and influencing factors of larvae and juveniles of Siniperca in the Anqing section of the Changjiang River
LI Jiasheng, FANG Di’an, XU Dongpo, TANG Yue, DING Longqiang, HUANG Zhongjia, REN Peng
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 494-503.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-234
Abstract （3320）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （6051KB）（1188）       Save
In order to understand the status of resources of larval and juvenile  Siniperca  in the Anqing section of the Changjiang River, and to explore the spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors, an larval and juvenile fish resource survey was carried out from April to August, 2018 to 2020. The results showed that the first appearance time of  Siniperca  larvae was April 29th (2018), April 30th (2019)and May 5th (2020), indicating a delayed occurrence time of resources of larval and juvenile  Siniperca . The cumulative occurrence time of larvae and juveniles in 2018, 2019 and 2020, was 44 days, 54 days and 68 days respectively. The occurrence frequency was 40.74% (2018), 55.67% (2019) and 69.39% (2020). The cumulative number of larvae and juveniles collected in 2018, 2019 and 2020, was 175, 313 and 404, respectively, exhibiting a time-dependent increasing trend.During the investigation, the occurrence time of peak abundance of larvae and juveniles was from July 14th to August 6th in 2018, July 16th to July 27th in 2019, and June 18th to July 20th in 2020. The corresponding average abundance was 0.073, 0.051, and 0.044 ind./m 3  in 2018, 2019 and 2020, showing a time-dependent decreasing trend. Affected by hydrological dynamics, the spatial distribution of larval and juvenile drifting density in the Anqing section was different, showing the characteristics of the left bank (0.056 ind./m 3 ) >the right bank (0.046 ind./m 3 ) >the center of the river (0.026 ind./m 3 ). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the abundance of larvae and juveniles was positively correlated with the flow, water level and water temperature ( P <0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with the transparency ( P <0.05). The temporal dynamic characteristics of larvae and juveniles abundance were consistent with the seasonal variation pattern of flow and water temperature. The results of this study reveal that the optimum water temperature for the reproduction and spawning of  Siniperca  is 25.6 to 29.2 ℃ during the investigation, and the change of water temperature gradient stimulates the occurrence of breeding events in  Siniperca . The annual increase of the absolute number of larval and juvenile fish reflects that the annual supplement of  Siniperca  fish species in the Anqing section has been steadily enhanced, and the situation of resource recovery is improving.
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Effects of aquatic plant restoration on fishery resources recovery in Lishan Bay, Lake Taihu
CUI Wei, REN Long, XU Dongpo, ZHAO Dongfu, REN Kecheng, XU Pao
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 474-481.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-253
Abstract （3301）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （1847KB）（1142）       Save
Lishan Bay of Lake Taihu is a national fisheries genetic resources conservation area for Chinese mitten crab and orient river prawn. In order to further improve the conservation and environmental restoration effect of fishery resources in the conservation area, the aquatic plant restoration project was implemented in 2015. In this study, fish resource survey was carried out in 2015 (before restoration) and 2021 (after restoration) to explore the restoration effect of fishery resources. The results showed that a total of 42 species of fish were collected in two years, of which 27 and 39 species were collected in 2015 and 2021, respectively. Based on ecological types such as habitat aquifers, reproductive habits and feeding characteristics, this area was dominated by omnivorous fish inhabiting the middle and upper middle layer and spawning on aquatic plants, including  Acheilognathus   macropterus ,  Pseudorasbora   parva ,  Acheilognathus   chankaensis , and  Coilia   nasus , etc. There was no significant change in the dominant species before and after the restoration, but the number of dominant species increased after the restoration, such as  Saurogobio   dabryi ,  Hemibarbus   maculatus , and  Xenocypris   davidi , etc. The observed results reveal that the structure of fish population tends to be stable, the overall quantity of fish resources in the restoration area exhibits an upward trend with elevated amount of fish resources that prefer to live in aquatic weed area, indicating the restoration of aquatic plant resources has achieved good effects on conservation of fish resources.
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α-Tubulin gene structure, SNP screening and its correlation with low temperature tolerance in the pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii)
LIU Ya, LI Songyu, LAI Zhuoxin, ZHONG Ruzhuo, WANG Qingheng, DENG Yuewen
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 406-413.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-264
Abstract （3298）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （7086KB）（1185）       Save
In order to explore the function of  α - Tubulin  gene of the pearl oyster ( Pinctada   fucata   martensii ) in low temperature adaptability, ɑ- Tubulin  gene of pearl oyster was identified in this study, the expression trend of ɑ- Tubulin  was analyzed in response to low-temperature stress, and the SNP sites in the ɑ- Tubulin  coding region of pearl oyster were screened and compared between the low temperature resistan line (R) F3 and the Beibu Gulf wild population (W). The results showed that  α - Tubulin  has a total length of 2 107 bp, encoding a 454 amino acid protein containing typical Tubulin and Tubulin-C domains. Whole-tissue quantification showed that ɑ- Tubulin  was expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest expression in the foot ( P <0.05). Under low temperature stress, ɑ- Tubulin  relative expression in gill in the low temperature group (12 and 17 ℃) reached the highest value at 72 h, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (22 ℃)( P <0.05). There were 34 SNP in the ɑ- Tubulin  exon region, and the genotype frequencies of 3 SNP were significantly different between the R and W populations ( P <0.05). Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the frequency of haplotype CCTCAGCGCC in the R population was significantly higher than that in the W population. All data observed in this research show that ɑ- Tubulin  might be a candidate gene involved in regulating the adaptation to low temperature of the pearl oyster. The SNP site g.111071125 and excellent haplotype CCTCAGCGCC related to low temperature resistance could be selected as candidate markers for selective breeding.
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Selective breeding and growth performance evaluation of the high-light-tolerant Betaphycus gelatinus mutant strain XY-01
LI Xinyu, ZHU Jun, LI Qingnan, ZOU Xiaoxiao, BAO Shixiang, AN Xinlong
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 438-444.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-285
Abstract （3256）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （6350KB）（1118）       Save
In order to improve the current situation of yield and quality reduction of  Betaphycus   gelatinus  induced by high light stress, potential resistant strains were screened, isolated, and purified. A stable high-light-tolerant mutant strain,  B.gelatinus  XY-01, was obtained through subculture, and the growth performance of this mutant strain was evaluated subsequently. Compared to the wild-type strain (WT), the mutant strain XY-01 was green in color, had plump and stretched branches, and exhibited a less obvious high light stress phenotype. The contents of chlorophyll a, carotenoids and phycocyanin in XY-01 were all higher than those in WT at 26 ℃ with photosynthetic photon flux density of 60 μmol/(m 2 ·s), while the content of phycoerythrin was much lower than that of WT. The optimum growth photosynthetic photon flux density of  B.gelatinus  XY-01 was 250 μmol/(m 2 ·s). Under this condition, the maximum photochemical conversion efficiency of PSⅡ complex of XY-01 and WT were 0.635±0.019 and 0.484±0.055, respectively, with significant difference. The weight gain rates of XY-01 and WT were 57.00%±3.50% and 39.00%±4.28%, respectively ( P <0.05). The specific growth rates were (1.61±0.09)%/d and (1.18±0.06)%/d, respectively ( P <0.05). Marine culture experiments showed that the specific growth rate of XY-01 was (3.63±0.08)%/d from April to May, whereas, the specific growth rate of WT was only (2.63±0.37)%/d. In addition, the carrageenan content of XY-01 was not significantly different from that of WT ( P >0.05). In this study, a stable, high-light-tolerant XY-01 was obtained for the first time through high-light selective breeding, which provides scientific reference for the development of germplasm resources of high-light-resistant  B.gelatinus .
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Structural characterization and the synergistic effects with anthocyanin of oyster hypoglycemic peptides
JIANG Meiling, CHEN Zhongqin, QIN Xiaoming, SUN Xujia, CAO Wenhong, LIN Haisheng, GAO Jialong
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 455-463.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-282
Abstract （3249）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （3103KB）（1176）       Save
To investigate the hypoglycemic effects and digestive stability of oyster peptides, the oyster peptides were prepared from Hong Kong oyster ( Crassostrea   hongkongensi ). Structural characteristics, hypoglycemic activity and digestive stability of prepared oyster peptides were investigated  in   vitro  by hypoglycemic model and simulated gastrointestinal digestion model. The anthocyanin was also used to improve the digestive stability and hypoglycemic activity of prepared oyster peptides. The results showed that the prepared oyster peptides were rich in hydrophobic amino acids, and the relative molecular mass was mainly less than 1 000. The spectrum analysis showed that prepared oyster peptides contained 15 peptide sequences mainly including LYF, TLFLK, IRAGYD, TLHHRVH, ARNEANVNIY, and CVIGR, which had typical structure characteristics of hypoglycemic peptides. The half inhibition concentration (IC 50 ) of prepared oyster peptides against α-amylase, α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ (DPP-Ⅳ) was (3.66±0.47), (8.62±0.66) and (2.60±0.46) mg/mL, respectively, exhibiting good hypoglycemic activity. However, the digestive stability of prepared oyster peptides was weak. After simulated gastrointestinal digestion  in   vitro , the inhibition rate against the above three enzymes significantly decreased by 6.23%-32.48% ( P <0.05). Therefore, the synergistic effects of anthocyanin with prepared oyster peptides were investigated. Through the synergy matrix design, the highest single agent (HSA) model was selected to calculate the synergistic effects of anthocyanin with prepared oyster peptides. The results showed that the oyster peptide and anthocyanin complex had significant synergistic inhibitory effects against α-amylase (HSA synergistic score 3.632), α-glucosidase (HSA synergistic score 3.503) and DPP-Ⅳ (HSA synergistic score 3.156). Moreover, the results of simulated gastrointestinal digestion experiment  in   vitro  showed that the anthocyanin could improve the digestive stability of prepared oyster peptides. The results of this study indicate that oyster peptides have the characteristic structure of hypoglycemic peptides, and oyster peptides and anthocyanins have synergistic effect in enhancing hypoglycemic activity and digestive stability.
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Comparison of muscle flavor quality of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) fed with trash fish and formulated diet
XIONG Wei, DAI Yongjun, LIU Wenbin, GUO Huixing, HUA Haokun, DU Wanting, QIU Yuhan, JIANG Guangzhen
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 445-454.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-273
Abstract （3247）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （1338KB）（1206）       Save
To promote the use of formulated diet in crab farming, Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir   sinensis ) (initial body weight: 5.33 ±0.79 g) were selected as the research object, and the differences of muscle flavor quality was compared after feeding with trash fish (TFG) and formulated diet (FDG). The sensory evaluation of  Eriocheir   sinensis  was carried out by paired comparison test. The results showed that compared with TFG,  Eriocheir   sinensis  muscle from FDG had less fishy taste, more delicious taste and pleasant odor. There were no significant differences in 17 kinds of free amino acids in muscle between the two groups ( P >0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of ionosine-5′-monophosphate and guanosine 5′-monophosphate disodium salt in muscle between the two groups ( P >0.05), but the contents of adenosine 5′-monophosphate sodium salt (AMP) and Equivalent Umami Concentration (EUC) of FDG were significantly higher than those of TFG ( P <0.05). Compared with TFG samples, the proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in FDG samples were significantly reduced ( P <0.05), while the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) was significantly increased ( P <0.05). Significantly elevated content of aldehydes( P <0.05) and significantly decreased content of ketones and N-containing compounds ( P <0.05) were observed in FDG samples compared to TFG samples. Compared with TFG samples, gene and protein relative expression of LOX5 and the enzyme activity of LOX were significantly increased in FDG samples ( P <0.05). In conclusion, formulated diet can enhance the flavor of crab meat and increase the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids, AMP and EUC, which is more in line with the needs of consumers for health and umami.
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Comparative of bacterial community composition and diversity in the Wanfeng Lake between wet season and dry season
QIN Yan, FAN Bo, MEI Li
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 414-422.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-276
Abstract （3183）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （5480KB）（1245）       Save
In order to compare the composition and diversity of bacterial community in wet and dry seasons of the Wanfeng Lake in Qianxian prefecture, Guizhou Province, water samples from the surface (0-5 m)of three ecological loci in the Wanfeng Lake were collected in November 2020 (wet season)and May 2021 (dry season), bacterial community composition of each sample was studied by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. The sequence diversity and abundance indices showed that there were 1 647 OTUs in the wet season and 1 530 OTUs in the dry season. The relative bacterial abundance in the dry season was higher than that in the wet season.The bacterial community diversity in the wet season was higher than that in the dry season. The species classification results showed that the planktonic bacterial community in the wet season was mainly composed of 18 phylum (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria, etc.), and 202 genera of bacteria. The planktonic bacterial community in the dry season is mainly composed of 20 phylum (Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, etc.), and 236 genera of bacteria. The analysis of the genera showed that a total of 55 genera were common in both wet and dry seasons, and 147 genera were specific to the wet season, among which  Nanopelagicaceae ,  Cyanobium  and  Limnohabitans  of the Actinomycetes phylum had the higher abundance. 181 genus is specific to the dry season, with the higher abundance of  Gplla ,  Terramonas  and  Roseonas  in the Cyanobacteria phylum. PICRUSt function prediction showed that the gene copy number in the wet season was significantly higher than that in the dry season in most metabolic pathways. The results reveal that there are significant differences in the composition and diversity of bacterial community between wet and dry seasons of the Wanfeng Lake, the wet and dry seasons have their own unique bacterial community structures, and the metabolism of bacterial community in the dry season is more active than that in the wet season.
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Aquatic biodiversity and water quality evaluation in the Daluoquangou River
ZHAO Chen, SUN Jiawei, YIN Zengqiang, WANG Huibo, WANG Le, SONG Dan, DU Xue, ZHAO Yucai, SUN Yang, HUO Tangbin
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 504-514.  
Abstract （3151）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （5506KB）（1201）       Save
In order to explore the relationship between the distribution characteristics of aquatic communities and environmental factors in the provincial aquatic germplasm reserve for endemic fish of the Daluoquangou River, community structure characteristics of fish, phytoplankton, zooplankton and macrozoobenthos, and the physicochemical factors of the water environment were investigated. A total of 14 sampling sites were set up in the Daluoquangou River and its tributaries from May to June 2021. The results showed that 25 fish species, belonging to six orders and eight families were identified, and the dominant species were all cold-water fish. The species richness of fish in the main stream was higher than that in the tributaries, and the biodiversity in the experimental area was higher than that in the core area. 39 species of phytoplankton, belonging to four phyla were identified, and Bacillariophyta was the dominant taxa. There were significant differences in species evenness index between the core area and the experimental area ( P <0.05). The phytoplankton biomass was spatially heterogeneous, and the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton was the highest in the experimental area. A total of 32 zooplankton species, belonging to four categories were identified. Rotifer were the dominant taxa, and the abundance and biomass of zooplankton were the highest in the experimental area. A total of 26 species of macrozoobenthos, belonging to two phyla, two classes, six orders, 18 families, were identified. Aquatic insects were the dominant taxa, and the dominant species were Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera that liked clean water. The density and biomass of macrozoobenthos in the core area was the highest. The results of Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that the  Pseudorasbora   parva ,  Merismopedia   minima ,  Inocalanus   dorrii , and  Epeorus  sp. were the indicator species that caused the differences in aquatic community structure among groups, respectively. Conductivity was the significantly environmental factor affecting fish community, and water temperature, ammonia nitrogen and permanganate index, and water temperature and pH, were the significantly environmental factors affecting phytoplankton and macroinvertebrate communities, respectively. The results indicated that the water quality of the Daluoquangou River was clean, and the trophic status was oligotrophic to mesotrophic.Aquatic biodiversity of the experimental area was higher than that of core area. Large-scale natural habitat changes and hydrological characteristics were the main factors affecting the structure of aquatic communities in the Daluoquangou River.
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Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on resistance of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) against Pseudomonas plecoglossicida
CHEN Xiuxia, CHI Hongshu, XU Binfu, XIE Anhua, XU Mengting, ZHANG Lijuan, LUO Tuyan, GONG Hu
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 380-387.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-226
Abstract （3123）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （2737KB）（1171）       Save
To probe into effects of  Panax   notoginseng  saponins (PNS) on the resistance of large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys   crocea  ) against  Pseudomonas   plecoglossicida , the inhibitory effect of PNS on  P.plecoglossicida  was detected in vitro, and mortality, relative pathogen load and expression level of immune related factors such as TNF-α were determined in the spleen and hind kidney of large yellow croaker weighing from 20 g to 30 g intraperitoneously injected with PNS solution before and after infection with  P.plecoglossicida . On the third day post injection, the fish was infected with  P.plecoglossicida  at a concentration of 1.02×10 9  CFU/L by immersion. The results showed that PNS at a concentration of 50.00 mg/mL and 25.00 mg/mL had significant antibacterial effect in vitro ( P <0.05); the survival rate of fish injected with PNS (PNS group) was 18.46% higher than that of fish injected with sterile saline solution (control group) 8 days after infection with  P.plecoglossicida  ( P >0.05); As for the PNS group, the protein expression level of TNF-α in the spleen tissue was consistently lower than that in the control group ( P <0.05), while the mRNA level was higher than that in the control group after infection ( P <0.05). The finding indicated that PNS could inhibit  P.plecoglossicida   in   vitro , injection of PNS could enhance the resistance of large yellow croaker against  P.plecoglossicida , reduce bacterial load in spleen and hind kidney, regulate the expression of TNF-α, and improve the survival rate after infection.
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Comparative analysis of ecological niche of Enoploteuthis chunii and Abralia similis in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
ZHANG Jiaqi, LIU Bilin
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 515-523.  
Abstract （3095）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （3868KB）（1191）       Save
To understand the role of small oceanic cephalopods in the marine food web, we studied the ecological niche variations of two small cephalopods,  Enoploteuthis   chunii  and  Abralia   similis , in the Northwest Pacific Ocean using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis technique based on biological samples collected by fisheries resources survey vessel “Song Hang” in 2019. The results showed that the δ 13 C, δ 15 N and δ 15 N b  values of  E.chunii  were significantly different among sampling sites ( P <0.05), while the δ 13 C and δ 15 N b  values of  A.similis  were significantly different ( P <0.05) and the δ 15 N values were not significantly different ( P >0.05). During ontogenetic development, the correlations between δ 13 C and δ 15 N values and mantle lengths (MLs) were not significant ( P >0.05) in  E.chunii , while the correlation between δ 15 N b  and MLs were significant ( P <0.05) in  E.chunii ; there is no significant difference was observed in the correlations between δ 13 C, δ 15 N and δ 15 N b  values and MLs ( P >0.05) in  A.similis . Comparative analyses showed that adult  E.chunii  had a higher niche width (SEAc=1.78‰ 2 ) and a low overlap with the juvenile stage (0.19); less variable of SEAc was found in juvenile (SEAc=0.68‰ 2 ) and adult (SEAc=0.39‰ 2 )  A.similis  and a medium overlap was observed between SEAcs in juvenile and adult  A.similis  (0.37). There was a medium overlap and a low overlap between  E.chunii  and  A.similis  at juvenile stage (0.33) and adult stage (0.20), respectively. The analysis suggests that the δ 13 C and δ 15 N values of  E.chunii  were influenced mainly by the isotopes baseline spatial variation and the feeding effect, whereas, the δ 13 C and δ 15 N values of  A.similis  were mainly influenced by the spatial variation of baseline isotope values.
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Conger erebennus: a new record of congridae from coastal China
YAN Long, KONG Yefu, HONG Jingyan, ZHAO Jing, CHI Qinhong, GUO Dong
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 423-428.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-062
Abstract （3092）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （2541KB）（1191）       Save
To identify the fish specimen with full length of 168.50 cm collected in 2021 along coastal Dalian (Liaoning Province, China), morphological and genetic methods were employed in this study and the contents of the specimen’s stomach were also analyzed to investigate its feeding habits. The results showed that the dorsal fin origin of the specimen begins right above the end of the pectoral fin which was consistent with the morphological characteristics of  Conger   erebennus  Jordan and Snyder denominated in 1901. Genetic analysis based on mitochondrial sequence indicated that the 16S rRNA (NC0623731) of the specimen is highly similar to the published 16S rRNA sequence from  C.erebennus  and they also clustered together in the phylogenetic tree. In addition, the genetic difference of both 16S rRNA and COⅠ between the specimen and other  Conger  species was far above the species level. Stomach content analysis showed that the stomach contents of the specimen contained fishes (Cynoglossidae, Callionymidae and Sebastidae), crustaceans (Sepiidae and Octopus), cephalopod (Alpheidae and Squillidae) and echinoderm (Holothuriidae). This is the first report of  C.erebennus  from coastal China. According to the above observation, we speculate that this species might be distributed in the deep sea of north of the Yellow Sea of China. As a bottom large ferocious fish, this species might pose a great threat to the survival of benthic fish, crustaceans, echinoderms, cephalopods and other fishery resources. All data obtained in this study indicate that  C.erebennus  can be accurately identified by combined analyses of morphological and genetic methods. Our research work not only well reveals the distribution range and feeding habits of  C.erebennus  in China but also provides basic materials for phylogeny study of  Conger  species.
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A study on adsorption characteristics of iron-modified hemp root biochar for phosphate in water
WANG Nana, WANG Jing, LI Yang, LI Jing
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 464-473.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-270
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In order to effectively control eutrophication of water bodies and improve the resource utilization of agricultural waste, hemp root was used as a precursor to prepare biochar (RHY) using dilute sulfuric acid catalyzed hydrothermal method, and iron modification was carried out using immersion method to obtain iron modified hemp root biochar (RHY-Fe). The modified biochar was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, etc. The adsorption isotherm model and kinetic model were used to fit the phosphorus adsorption characteristics of biochar, and the effects of adsorption time, phosphorus concentration, temperature, addition amount, coexisting ions, etc. on the adsorption of phosphorus by biochar were analyzed. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of iron modified biochar was significantly improved, and the maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity of iron modified biochar Langmuir was 6.9 mg/g; An ideal adsorption effect was achieved at an initial phosphorus concentration of 40 mg/L and a RHY-Fe addition of 6.67 g/L; The adsorption reaction basically reached adsorption equilibrium within 60 minutes; When the temperature rised from 15 ℃ to 25 ℃, the adsorption capacity of modified biochar significantly increases to the highest level; Cl -  and   have significant interference, with adsorption capacities decreasing by 3.1 and 2.7 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption mechanism of RHY-Fe on phosphate may mainly involve ion exchange, surface chemical precipitation, etc.; The modified biochar (addition amount 0.2 g/L) was used to treat the actual aquaculture waste water, a good phosphorus removal effect was observed with a removal rate of 71%. All results obtained in this research indicate that iron modified hemp root biochar has a good adsorption effect on phosphate in water, and has good reusability. It can not only achieve the resource utilization of agricultural waste, but also has the potential for efficient removal of phosphate in wastewater treated plants.
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Inflammation and its mechanism in molluscs: a review
SUN Jiejie, SONG Linsheng
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 369-379.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-110
Abstract （3054）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （2345KB）（1272）       Save
Molluscs play an important role in mariculture industry. In recent years, the frequent occurrence of molluscan diseases has seriously hindered the sustainable and healthy development of molluscan aquaculture industry. Inflammation is a kind of defense response of the body to stimuli, which plays an important role in resisting against pathogen infection. But the excessive inflammatory response can cause tissue damage and, in severe cases, death. Recently, more and more studies have found the presence of inflammation in molluscs and identified a variety of inflammatory factors and inflammatory-related signaling pathways. This paper summarizes the current progress of molluscan inflammation and emphasizes the molecular mechanism of inflammation in recent years by focusing on the types and biological functions of inflammatory factors, inflammatory-related signaling pathways and morphological characteristics of inflammatory responses. At the same time, in view of the problems existing in the current research, it is proposed that the exploration of different types of inflammatory factors, the immune functions of inflammatory factors and its relation to different types of immune cells remains significantly concern in the future research, aiming to provide references for promoting the green and high-quality development of molluscan aquaculture industry.
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Effects of short-term feeding with water extract of pomegranate peel on Edwardsiella piscicida infection prevention and control in sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)
HU Jianmei, MA Zhuang, WANG Baotun, HUANG Weimin, FENG Juan, SU Youlu
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 397-405.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-241
Abstract （3045）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （6477KB）（1157）       Save
In order to explore the effects of short-term feeding sea bass ( Lateolabrax   maculatus ) with water extract of pomegranate peel ( Punica   granatum  L.) on  Edwardsiella   piscicida  infection prevention and control. The water extract of pomegranate peel was added to the daily diet (4 and 8 g/kg) and fed sea bass (body weight 10.14 g±2.53 g) continuously for 7 days. Physiological and biochemical indices of serum, activities of immune related enzymes in serum and the relative expression of immune related genes were determined at the 3, 5 and 7 d after feeding. Meanwhile, artificial pathogen immersion challenge experiment was performed to investigate the effects of water extract of pomegranate peel on  E.piscicida  infection prevention and control. The results showed that the contents of serum total cholesterol, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutathione reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein and high density lipoprotein in the experimental group fed with water extract of pomegranate peel were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P <0.05). After 3 and 5 d of feeding, the content of serum blood glucose decreased significantly ( P <0.05). The relative expression of serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) gene in the experimental group increased significantly ( P <0.05). The relative expression of  LZM  gene in spleen and head kidney and  NK - lysin  in head kidney decreased. And the relative expression of other examined immune related genes increased. The survival rate of infected fish was significantly increased after feeding with water extract of pomegranate peel for 5 d ( P <0.05) indicating water extract of pomegranate peel has good effects on  E.piscicida  infection prevention and control. The relative protection ratio in 4 g/kg and 8 g/kg experimental groups was 50% and 47%, respectively. The results showed that short-term feeding with water extract of pomegranate peel could enhance the immunity and disease resistance of sea bass, and provide a reference for  E.piscicida  infection prevention and control.
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Effects of high starch diets with different probiotic supplements on growth, serum biochemistry and liver antioxidant capacity of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)
QIAN Linjie, MIAO Linghong, LIN Yan, GAO Liang, YU Dan, GE Xianping
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 388-396.   DOI: 2095-1388(2023)03-0388-09
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In order to investigate the effects of probiotic supplements on dietary starch utilization in fish, juvenile blunt snout bream ( Megalobrama   amblycephala ) Huahai No.1 was selected as research object. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were prepared, including low starch diet (15% wheat starch, 15WM), high starch diet (30% wheat starch, 30WM), and four diets supplemented with 10 6  CFU/g  Bacillus   subtilis  (BAC) and 10 6  CFU/g  Lactobacillus   plantarum  (LAB), respectively, in 15WM diet and 30WM diet. A total of 360 healthy juvenile  M.amblycephala  Huahai No.1 with similar size and initial weight of (13.5±0.5)g were selected and divided into six groups randomly and fed with prepared diets respectively. Each group was reared for 8 weeks in outdoor floating cages (1 m×1 m×1 m) with three replicates. The results showed that dietary starch level and probiotic type were main effectors affecting the growth performance of  M.amblycephala  ( P <0.05). Dietary probiotic supplements could significantly enhance the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR), and reduce the feed conversion ratio (FCR) ( P <0.05). In addition, dietary probiotic supplements could also reduce muscle lipid accumulation induced by high starch diet intake ( P <0.05). Compared with the 15 WM group, significantly increased serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) contents were observed in the 30WM group ( P <0.05), whereas, the LDL level and TC contents in the 30WM+BAC group were lower than those of the 30WM group but not different from those of the 15WM group ( P <0.05). Furthermore, total liver superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity of the 30WM+LAB group was significantly higher than that in both the 15WM group and the 30WM group ( P <0.05). In conclusion, probiotic supplements in high starch diets could improve the utilization efficiency of high starch diets in  M.amblycephala , reduce muscle lipid accumulation, and promote growth performance. Moreover, the addition of  L.plantarum  in high starch diets could improve liver antioxidant capacity and the addition of  B.subtilis  in high starch diets could reduce lipid deposition in serum of  M.amblycephala.
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Effects of long-term hypoxia acclimation on liver glycolipid metabolism in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
WANG Yanxin, XIANG Meng, CHEN Lei, XIAN Chenwei, HU Ruiqin, ZHOU Yan, XU Qianghua
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (3): 429-437.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-221?
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To better understanding the effects of long-term hypoxia on hepatic glycolipid metabolism of zebrafish ( Danio   rerio ), changes in the microscopic and ultramicroscopic structure changes and transcriptome were compared between the zebrafish exposed to normoxia (6.5 mg/L±0.2 mg/L) and long-term hypoxia(1.5 mg/L±0.2 mg/L). It was found that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathological phenomena were observed in the fish exposed to long-term hypoxia, including distinct vacuolization, lipid accumulations, mitochondrial swelling, and internal structural disorders in hepatocytes under light and electron microscopic sections. Comparative transcriptomes of normoxic and hypoxic livers revealed that 362 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GO (gene ontology) and KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) enrichment analysis showed that carbon metabolism, lipid metabolism and PML (promyelocytic leukemia protein) body were significantly enriched among the significant differentially expressed genes. Further correlation analysis revealed that genes enriched in PML body GO term were generally positively correlated with the genes involved in carbon metabolism and fatty acid metabolism pathways, indicating that PML body may act as a protective mechanism to reduce the liver damage caused by long-term hypoxia stress. The findings showed that long-term hypoxia caused abnormal liver glycolipid metabolism and induced the pathology of NAFLD in hepatocytes in zebrafish.
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Spatio-temporal ecological niche analysis of the dominant fishes in northeast Hangzhou Bay
ZHOU Xuan, HONG Bo, ZHANG Yuping
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 848-856.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-029
Abstract （1971）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （933KB）（797）       Save
In order to probe the ecological niche characteristics of dominant fish species in the northeast Hangzhou Bay (30°00′-31°30′N,121°00′-122°24′E), a fixed net survey of fishing resources was monthly conducted from May to October 2020. The species composition, dominant species and ecological niche of fishery resources were analyzed by relative importance index, ecological niche breadth, ecological niche overlap index, and hierarchical clustering method. The results showed that there were 12 dominant species in three seasons, with dominant tapertail anchovy ( Coilia   mystus ) and striped puffer ( Takifugu   xanthopterus ) in all three seasons. The 12 dominant species had temporal niche breadth values from 0.10 to 1.01, with the maximal temporal niche breadth (1.01) in the tapertail anchovy and the minimal in  Pampus   argenteus . The 12 dominant species had spatial niche breadth values from 0.15 to 1.67, with the maximum in the tapertail anchovy and the minimal in  Trypauchen   vagina . The spatio-temporal niche breadth values of the 12 dominant species were found from 0.02 to 1.60, with the maximum in the tapertail anchovy and the minimal in  P.argenteus . The spatial niche overlap of dominant fish species was high in the northeast of Hangzhou Bay, with 68.18% having overlapping significance, and 34.85% having significant overlapping significance. The ecological niche breadth of dominant fish species was found to be significant seasonal variation in the northeast of Hangzhou Bay, with the similar degree of spatial utilization, and difference in the utilization over time. Therefore, the study of spatio-temporal ecological niches of dominant species can not only further enrich the basic data of fishing resources in the northeast of Hangzhou Bay, but also provide scientific basis for the conservation and rational utilization of fishing resources in the northeast Hangzhou Bay.
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Optimization and quality analysis of mixed bacterial fermentation in sea bass
NIE Shi, WU Yanyan, ZHAO Yongqiang, WANG Yueqi, LI Laihao
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 885-892.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-021
Abstract （1923）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （3453KB）（816）       Save
In order to improve the flavor and texture of fermented sea bass,  Lactobacillus   plantarum  and  Pediococcus   pentosaceus  were used as additional composite strain fermenters, and sensory composite scores were used as evaluation indices to optimize the process conditions of mixed-bacteria fermentation of sea bass by using a single-factor test with the response surface method, and the effects of the inoculated fermentation on the quality of sea bass were further explored. The results showed that the optimal fermentation for sea bass were under conditions of 2∶1 volume ratio of  P.pentosaceus  to  L.plantarum , 1.0% inoculum, 30 h fermentation and 3% fermented salt addition amount. Under this process condition, the  a *  value of inoculated fermented sea bass was increased from -1.89 to -0.94,  b *  decreased from 1.71 to 1.48, and improved color of fermented sea bass with natural fermented sea bass. The fermented sea bass had hardness increase from 40.17 g to 223.33 g, chewiness from 0.44 mJ to 3.29 mJ and gelatinousness from 33.27 g to 219.30 g, with significantly improved texture. The total acid mass fraction and amino nitrogen mass fraction were increased by 23.13% and 40.07% in the fermented sea bass with inoculated bacteria, respectively. Overall, the mixed bacterial fermentation of sea bass was beneficial to improve the quality and taste of sea bass.
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Research progress on occurrence characteristics and toxic mechanism of typical PFAS in aquaculture water environment and aquatic products: a review
WANG Chun, LI Guanyi, SUN Yingxue, YUAN Zixi, LI Ruixuan, WANG Mengyan, CHENG Bo
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 893-901.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-037
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Fish is one of the most actively traded products worldwide, and the quality of fish products is critical to economic development. Available studies have shown that dietary intake of fish is the main exposure pathway of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to humans via aquatic products. PFAS in aquaculture environment and aquatic products pose a direct threat to aquatic product quality and human health that cannot be ignored. In this paper, the state, bioenrichment effect and physiological toxicity of typical PFAS in aquaculture water and aquatic products are reviewed, the possible mechanisms of their effects on aquaculture organisms are explored, and functional probiotic strains to alleviate the toxic effects of PFAS are screened on aquaculture fish and their intrinsic mechanisms of action based on the demand for healthy aquaculture and green and safe aquatic products supply, and the problems in the current research are addressed. The risk of PFAS pollutants is objectively evaluated in aquaculture, the mechanism of functional strains to mitigate the toxicity of PFAS pollutants to cultured organisms, and the research and development of green and effective PFAS pollutant prevention and control technologies in aquaculture are proposed as the future key research directions, with a view to providing useful references to the scientific prevention and control of PFAS pollutants in aquaculture.
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Research progress on the factors influencing mariculture wastewater treatment by constructed wetland:a review
ZHANG Cuiya, CHEN Feng, GUO Xianyong, LIU Jiaxuan, ZHANG Kun
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 902-.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-040
Abstract （1843）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （613KB）（815）       Save
The rapidly developing marculture industry generates a large amount of aquaculture tail water, which can threaten the ecological environment of local offshore waters. Constructed wetlands as typical wastewater treatment process are advantage features including low energy consumption, low investment, and resistance to impact loads, showing good application prospects in purifying seawater aquaculture tail water. This article reviews the effects of factors such as plants, substrates, denitrifying microorganisms, operating parameters, and salinity on the performance of constructed wetlands in purifying mariculture tail water. The problems in current research on purifying seawater aquaculture tail water by constructed wetlands are analyzed, focusing on future research, including selecting suitable substrates and salinity tolerant plants, optimizing hydraulic operating parameters, and the impact of complex environments on the ability of seawater constructed wetlands to purify mariculture tail water is discussed. The technologies that can enhance the purification capacity of constructed wetlands, and search for alternative high quality carbon sources are suggested, in order to provide reference for further research on the mechanism and application of constructed wetlands in purifying mariculture tail water.
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Correlation analysis between metabolic characteristics and quality indices in muscle of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during superchilling storage based on LC-MS non-targeted metabolomics
YANG Kaiying, PAN Chuang, HAO Shuxian, CHEN Shengjun, LIU Shucheng, YANG Xianqing
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 874-884.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-014
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To investigate the mechanism of quality deterioration of superchilled shrimp, metabolites change of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus   vannamei ) during superchilling storage at -3 ℃ (0, 10, 20, 30 d) were investigated through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry non targeted metabolomics. The key metabolites were screened by the correlation analysis between the potential biomarkers and the quality indices (including water holding capability, texture, pH, myofibrillar protein content, surface hydrophobicity and turbidity). The results showed that significant differences were observed in the whole metabolic composition of shrimp muscle during superchilling storage. According to the OPLS-DA model, 79 significant different metabolites were screened from the shrimp muscle at different superchilling storage times. These different metabolites notably altered with the extension of time. The main metabolic pathways involved were biosynthesis of amino acids, biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from histidine and purine, lysine biosynthesis, citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine, lysine and nicotinic acid. The quality indices showed that water holding capability, hardness, springiness and myofibrillar protein content gradually decreased during storage, while pH, surface hydrophobicity and turbidity gradually increased. The pathway analysis combined with correlation analysis revealed that L-lysine, L-aspartic acid, citric acid and isocitric acid were used as the key metabolites related to the metabolites for the quality changes of shrimp muscle during superchilling storage. This study revealed the metabolic characteristics of superchilled shrimp muscle at the molecular level, providing a theoretical basis for quickly and accurately reflecting the actual-time quality of shrimp muscle.
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Numerical simulation of the effect of cultured fish on the hydrodynamics in a aquaculture tank
SHI Xianying, LI Meng, HUANG Zhengzheng, FENG Dejun, REN Xiaozhong, LIU Hangfei, SUN Wei
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 839-847.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-340
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In order to investigate influence of fish on flow field characteristics of the aquaculture tank, the model of rounded square aquaculture tank with single inlet and cultured fish was established based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the multiple reference frame method (MRF) was adopted to simulate the movement of fish under a fixed track. Influence of culture density, individual volume size and spatial distribution of fish in tanks on fluid flow characteristics in the aquaculture tanks was analyzed. Results revealed that the increase in culture density causes a great drop in average flow velocity in the aquaculture tanks under the same individual volume size and spatial distribution conditions. The upstream movement of fish makes high resistance to the flow and much greater drop in average flow velocity at the fixed culture density, and large school of fish (while the individual volume size is small). The maximal average flow velocity drops and turbulence intensity rise in the aquaculture tank caused by the school are observed at the fixed culture density and individual volume size, and distribution of the school of fish in the middle layer of the water. There were the least influences of the school on average flow velocity and turbulence intensity at the fixed culture density and individual volume size, and distribution of the school of fish in the lower layer of the water. Therefore, inlet current velocity of the aquaculture tank was properly adjusted, with culture density, individual volume size and spatial distribution to maintain flow field condition suitable for fish survival and growth.
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Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis process and sensory characterization for rag worm (Perinereis aibuhitensis) umami hydrolysate
LIU Tianhong, JI Lei, YU Xiaoqing, WANG Qi, WANG Ying, JIANG Xiaodong, LI Hongyan, SUN Yuanqin, LI Xiao
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 857-865.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-013
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In order to improve the utilization scope and economic value of rag worm ( Perinereis   aibuhitensis ) effectively, the optimal complex enzymatic hydrolysis process of the umami polypeptide and the flavor characterization of the product from the rag worm with body weight of 300-400 individuals/kg were investigated by using response surface methodology and various characterization methods. The hydrolysate umami peptides powder was prepared and lyophilized by ceramic membrane and ultrafiltration membrane. The results showed that the flavor protease and animal protease were used as the best enzymes for preparing the flavoring peptide. The optimum technological conditions were obtained by response surface methodology: flavor protease and animal protease complex ( m ∶ m =2∶1), material-liquid ratio of 1∶1 (g∶mL), pH 6.5, enzyme concentration of 600 U/g, and enzymatic hydrolysis in 4 h. There was hydrolysate DH of 32.64% and the sensory score of 8.73. The electronic tongue detection indicated that the peptide had obvious umami taste. The free amino acid analysis revealed that the umami amino acids accounted for 32.76% of the total free amino acids, and contained 13 kinds of functional amino acids, with the better taste and smell in the peptide than that in the traditional seasoning soy sauce powder. In conclusion, the hydrolyzed peptides from rag worm had obvious umami and aromatic odors, which could be used to develop functional seafood flavor substrates.
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Effects of chelicerae autotomy and regeneration on feeding and aggressive behaviors of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus)
TAO Dandan, LIU Lei, FU Yuanyuan, WANG Sixiang, HUANG Xinlian, ZHAI Wei, XU Yuankai, SONG Weiwei, WANG Chunlin
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 795-803.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-003
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In order to study the effects of chelicerae autotomy and regeneration on the feeding and aggressive behaviour of swimming crab ( Portunus   trituberculatus ), the method of high-temperature stress chelicerae autotomy was established in swimming crab with body weight of (18.34±2.56)g (phase C in molt). The body weight, total carapace length, total carapace width, body height, feeding rate, weight growth rate, morphological indicators, and growth rate were measured in swimming crab (no cheliped autotomy, control group), one cheliped autotomy group and two chelipeds autotomy group after chelicerae autotomy and regeneration. The changes in feeding selectivity, feeding ability and aggressive behaviour were observed in the swimming crab before and after autotomy and regeneration by EthoVision XT behavioural tracking system. The results showed that the swimming crab had slight decrease in growth rate of body weight in the cheliped autotomy groups compared to the control group ( P >0.05), and significant decrease in the growth rate of total carapace width, total carapace length and body height in the two chelipeds autotomy group ( P <0.05). There was slight decrease in feeding rate of clam meat and trash fish in the autotomy groups compared with that in the control group, with similar feeding rate among the regeneration groups, without any significantly different ( P >0.05). Both two cheliped autotomy groups and two cheliped regeneration groups was not able to open  Musculus   senhousei , with significant difference from the control group ( P <0.05). The swimming crab with amputated and regenerated chelicerae changed the feeding preference significantly compared with the swimming crab in the control group ( P <0.05). The fight delay time was shown to be decreased, in steady of the fight duration, fight moving speed, fight moving distance and fight intensity tended to be increased in cheliped autotomy group, as the number of chelicerae autotomy increased, with the maximal significant difference in fight duration and fight intensity in cheliped autotomy group compared with that in the control group ( P <0.05). It was found that cheliped autotomy led to reduce the growth rate of body weight and morphological indicators in the juvenile swimming crab. The food ingestion rate on clam meat and trash fish and aggressive ability were decreased after cheliped autotomy in the juvenile swimming crab, without effect of the regeneration of the chelicerae on the feeding rate of clam meat and trash fish.
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Isolation, purification and hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides derived from brown seaweed (Eucheuma gelatinae)
SHI Shuo, SUN Kangting, LI Jiwei, PAN Chuang, YANG Xianqing, ZHAO Yongqiang, CHEN Shengjun
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 866-873.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-034
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In order to characterize the structure of polysaccharide from brown seaweed ( Eucheuma   gelatinae ) and probe the hypoglycemic activity of its crude polysaccharide (EGP) and purified components (EGP-1, EGP-2, EGP-3), the  E.gelatinae  polysaccharide was extracted by ultrasonic assisted enzymatic method, and purified by DEAE-52 anion column and derivated by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). The monosaccharide composition of each component was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that EGP and EGP-1, EGP-2 and EGP-3 were all pyran-saccharides polysaccharides, mainly composed of five monosaccharides: mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose. The protein content of EGP-1, EGP-2 and EGP-3 was significantly lower than that of polysaccharide EGP, and the content of uronic acid and sulfate of EGP- 2 and EGP-3 was significantly increased. The EGP and EGP-1 had atriple helix structure, while EGP-2 and EGP-3 had no triple helix structure. The determination of hypoglycemic activity  in   vitro  revealed that four polysaccharides effectively inhibited the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in a dose-dependent manner, with the best hypoglycemic effect in EGP-3. The finding indicated that the molecular mass of the three purified components were reduced and that had stronger hypoglycemic activity compared with EGP.
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Comparison of habitat suitability of fiddler crab (Uca arcuata) based on habitat suitability index model and maximum entropy model
ZHOU Xin, ZHANG Liyuan, HE Chenxiang, HU Chengye, WANG Jing, LI Yi, LI Xueli, SHUI Bonian
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 819-827.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-010
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For understanding of the habitat suitability and optimal analysis model of fiddler crab ( Uca   arcuata ), key environment factors affecting changes in habitat suitability, and the predictive performance, scope and limitations of application of the two habitat suitability models including habitat suitability index (HSI) model and the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model were compared with a view to species classification of mangrove ecosystems based on the survey on mangrove macrobenthos and several environmental factors in Yanpu Bay (27.20°N, 120.45°E) Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province during July (summer), October (autumn) and December (winter) of 2020 to provide theoretical support for applied research on biodiversity conservation and scientific basis for ecological environment governance and decision-making. HSI model analysis showed that the descending order of the habitat suitability of the sampling stations was expressed as nearshore>middle>offshore section, with the southeast>the northwest in the spatial distribution, and significantly different habitat suitability in the three seasons ( P <0.05), generally as summer>autumn>winter. The analysis of the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model revealed that the descending order of habitat suitability of the fiddler crab in each sampling site as nearshore>middle section>offshore section, the southeast>the northwest, and autumn>summer>winter in the seasonal distribution. The HSI model was shown to be more suitable for the investigation of the suitable area of the fiddler crab than the MaxEnt model being; temperature, bottom, geology and tide were the environmental factors affecting the distribution; nitrate, nitrite and salinity were the key physical and chemical factors affecting the distribution of the fiddler crab, which have a strong driving force for the distribution pattern and influence the choice of suitable habitat.
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Stock assessment for albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) in the Indian Ocean based on JABBA-Select model under different time series of catch and fishing vessel effects
YANG Shiyu, FENG Ji, ZHU Jiangfeng
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 828-838.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-357
Abstract （1756）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （13234KB）（766）       Save
In order to understand population dynamics and resource exploitation status of albacore tuna ( Thunnus   alalunga ) in the Indian Ocean and to promote the sustainable exploitation of the fishery resources, the JABBA-Select model combining the biological parameters of the stock and fishery selectivity was used to assess albacore tuna, focusing on the impact of different time series of catch and with or without considering the fishing vessel effects in standardized CPUE on the stock assessment. The results showed that the model with short time series of catch from 1979 to 2020 and longline CPUE with vessel effect fitted better than the model with time series from 1950 to 2020, resulting in the estimated stock neither to be overfished ( B SB / B SB,MSY >1) nor subject to overfishing ( F / F MSY <1) in 2020. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the stock assessment results were robust to steepness ( h ), but sensitive to natural mortality ( M ). The finding showed that the stock assessment results varied with different time series of catch data, and the standardized CPUE considering the fishing vessel effect better reflected the dynamics of stock,with decrease in the uncertainty of assessment.
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Effects of light color, light intensity and photoperiod on growth and feeding of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
HAN Jian, WANG Maolin, CAO Shengnan, GU Zhizhi, SUN Xu, WANG Wei
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 787-794.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-018
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In order to evaluate effects of light environment (light color, light intensity and photoperiod) on growth and feeding of juvenile turbot ( Scophthalmus   maximus ) during culture, juvenile turbot with initial body weight of (3.17±0.07)g was reared in a flowing water tank of 85 cm×75 cm×60 cm under cold white, red, blue, green, and warm white LED light, and light intensity of 600, 300, 100, 25 lx and the dark control and photoperiod of 24L∶0D, 16L∶8D, 12L∶12D, 8L∶16D and the dark control at cold white light and water temperature of(18.3±0.5)℃ for 65 days. At the end of the experiment, the survival rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and the levels of GH, IGF-1, and NPY were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that there was higher mortality of juvenile turbot in the red light source group, without significant effect of the light color, light intensity and photoperiod on the survival rate ( P >0.05). The juvenile turbot had significantly lower growth and feeding performances in red light source group than those in cold white and green light source groups ( P <0.05). The growth and feeding performances of juvenile turbot were shown to be significantly higher in 300 and 100 lx groups than those in 600 lx group ( P <0.05). The juvenile turbot had significantly lower growth and feeding performances in continuous light group (24L∶0D) than those in 12L∶12D, 8∶16D and dark control groups ( P <0.05). The findings suggest that the use of red light be avoided during the culture of juvenile turbot. The low light intensity (25-300 lx) is suitable for the growth and feeding of juvenile turbot, while the high light intensity inhibits the growth and feeding. The short photoperiod (0-12 h light) appears to be more conductive to the growth and feeding of juvenile turbot than long photoperiod.
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Rethinking and optimization of releasing stock enhancement for marine fishery resources: a review
SHUI Bonian
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 737-743.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-170
Abstract （1747）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （497KB）（949）       Save
Releasing stock enhancement could increase the amount of marine fishery resources, improve the marine environment, and repair the marine ecology by repairing the marine food web. There is insufficient research on release of marine ecology and fishery resources. The strategy is not specific. Various critical aspects such as location and time arrangement, supervision and management coordination, and evaluation of multiplication effects need to be optimized. The suggestions for improvement and optimization are provided. The variety, quantity, density and ratio of the release should be selected scientifically. The spatio-temporal arrangement of the release should be fully demonstrated in advance. The supervision and management of the release should be implemented. A coordination and linkage mechanism should be built between the administrative departments of the sea area and the administrative region. The monitoring and evaluation of the comprehensive effects of the multiplication and release should be emphasised. The retrospective evaluation and continuous improvement system should be established. These measures would facilitate the sustainable growth of China’s Marine fishery resources.
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Genetic diversity and genetic structure of selected generations of Chinese pond turtle (Mauremys reevesii) based on microsatellite DNA
XU Haoyang, YANG Xueying, NI Wei, LIU Fang, CHEN Haigang, ZHU Xinping, LIU Xiaoli
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 812-818.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-341
Abstract （1728）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （490KB）（755）       Save
In order to probe selective breeding effect of Chinese pond turtle ( Mauremys   reevesii ), the genetic diversity and genetic structure were analyzed in five selective breeding generations of the wild and protospecies of Chinese pond turtle, including basic group F0 generation, and F1-F4 generation groups by polymorphic microsatellite (SSR) markers. The results showed that 103 alleles were detected in the 12 selected microsatellite loci, with the average allele number ( H a ) of 8.58. The expected heterozygosity ( H e ) was varied from 0.173 to 0.919, with mean of 0.581. The observed heterozygosity ( H o ) was found to be 0.054-0.862, with an average of 0.479. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was changed from 0.165 to 0.914, with average of 0.531. There were 11 moderately or highly polymorphic loci in the 12 microsatellite loci, indicating that the microsatellite loci selected in this study can be used as a good evaluation tool for the analysis of genetic diversity and genetic structure of selective breeding generations of Chinese pond turtle. The ( H o ) of the five selective breeding generations was 0.491, 0.494, 0.497, 0.458 and 0.453, respectively. The genetic differentiation coefficient ( F st ) and AMOVA analysis revealed that the ( F st ) values between the five breeding generations were 0.004-0.012, less than 0.05. The findings indicated that the genetic diversity of the selective breeding generation of Chinese pond turtle was decreased, with less degree of genetic differentiation between five generations. Therefore, the selective breeding population of the Chinese pond turtle still has the potential further breeding.
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Effects of different aquatic plants on growth performance, physiological indices and muscle nutrients of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
WU Leiming, HAN Guangming, QIN Baoli, ZHANG Jiahong, WANG Shouhong, KOU Xiangming, YUAN Qin, BI Jianhua, TANG Hejun
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 779-786.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-044
Abstract （1694）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （1171KB）（808）       Save
In order to clarify influence mechanism of aquatic plant environment on growth and development of red swamp crayfish ( Procambarus   clarkii ), juvenile red swamp crayfish with body weight of (3.54±0.73)g were reared in a 2.5 m length×2.0 m wide×1.2 m high canvas box with 0.3 m depth of soil at bottom for planting aquatic plants  Hydrilla   verticillata  (group HM),  Alternanthera   philoxeroides  (group AM)and bionic plastic aquatic plant (control group, BM) at coverage rate of 50% at initial density of 30 crayfish per box at water temperature of (23.51±2.92)℃ for 62 d. Breeding period, the culture boxes were aerated for oxygenation at night and on rainy days. The results showed that there was significantly higher dressing rate in the crayfish in group HM than that in the BM group ( P <0.05). The crayfish had higher survival rate and total weight in groups HM and AM than those in the control group did, increased by 12.12%, 11.42% and 16.68%, 25.78%, respectively. The activities of trypsin and cellulose in hepatopancreas were shown to be significantly higher in groups HM and AM than those in group BM ( P <0.05), and significantly lower activities of trypsin and cellulase in intestine in groups HM and AM than those in group BM ( P <0.05), without significant difference in amino acid content among all groups ( P <0.05). ∑(n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/∑(n-6)PUFA of muscle was significantly higher in HM and AM groups than that in group BM ( P <0.05). The contents of EPA, DHA, ∑SFA and ∑PUFA were found to be significantly higher in the muscle in group HM than those in group BM ( P <0.05). The findings indicate that the aquatic vegetation environment has a significant impact on the growth performance, physiological indicators, and muscle nutrient quality of red swamp crayfish during cultivation. Planting  H.verticillata  is more conducive to improving the muscle quality of crayfish.
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Transcriptomics analysis of echiuran worm (Urechis unicinctus) in response to BPA stress
XU Xinghong, DING Ziyuan, ZHANG Xinyu, LIU Shun, QI Lu, WANG Sijie, ZHU Daqian
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 744-752.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-006
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To explore the molecular mechanism of bisphenol A (BPA) toxicity effects on echiuran worm ( Urechis   unicinctus ),echiuran worm with body weight of (17.3±1.5)g was exposed to 3 mg/L BPA (0.15% of anhydrous ethanol as co-solvent) and sea water (control group) and then the transcriptome sequencing was adopted for coelomocytes of the echiuran worm under an Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform. The results showed that 13.74 Gb of high-quality sequencing data were obtained with Q30≥93.02%, 108 262 transcripts and 30 882 Unigene were assembled, with average length of 1 380 bp and N50 of 2 549 bp. Eight data bases (NR, GO, COG, Swiss-Prot, KOG, KEGG, eggNOG4.5 and Pfam) were selected for the Unigene annotation, with 14 581 annotated Unigene, in which 7 242 Unigene were annotated to genes in KEGG database, further being classified into 284 metabolic pathways. Gene differential expression analysis indicated that 1 073 transcripts were differentially expressed in response to BPA stress, including 649 up-regulated genes and 424 down-regulated genes. GO functional classification showed that the differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in the biological process of catalytic activity, binding, antioxidant, transporter, signal transducer and electron carrier. The KEGG enrich analysis revealed that 163 genes were mapped into 151 pathways, and three most significantly enriched pathways were ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, glutathione metabolism, and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. The synthesis, immonology and detoxification metabolism of the coelomocytes elucidated the adverse effects of BPA on echiuran worm. The findings provide the reference data with the marine biotoxicity research of environmental endocrine disruptors(EEDs) and anti-stress mechanism of echiuran worm.
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Effects of sediment type and shell length on burrowing behavior and feeding rate of razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta)
ZHANG Shuyuan, WANG Xinxing, LIU Qi, LI Yifeng, SHEN Heding, NIU Donghong
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 804-811.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-361
Abstract （1684）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （3050KB）（767）       Save
In order to investigate the sediment selection and feeding differences of razor clam ( Sinonovacula   constricta ) after burrowinging, different sizes of razor clam with shell lengths of 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 cm were used as experimental objects to study the effects of different sediment types (total mud, 1/3 sand, 2/3 sand, total sand) and sediment thickness (6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 cm) on burrowing behavior and feeding rate. The results showed that the size and sediment type had a very significant interactive effect on the burrowing rate and time ( P <0.01), with 100% of burrowing rate only within 24 hours in total mud sediment. The burrowing behavior of razor clam was obviously blocked at the sediment containing over 30% of sand, with significant difference in the half shell vertical time ( T E50 ) between different sizes ( P <0.05). There was no significant interaction of clam shell sizes and sediment thickness on the burrowing rate, burrowing time and feeding rate ( P >0.05), with significant positive correlation between individual size and burrowing depth and feeding rate ( P <0.05). The razor clam with a shell length of 3.5 cm had burrowing depth at about 2/3 of the sediment thickness, and as high 2.12 times feeding rate as that the individuals in a thickness of 6 cm did, under a sediment thickness of 6 cm, with the maximal feeding rate of razor clam with a shell length of 2.5 cm. In conclusion, the suitable sediment for burrowing of razor clam is muddy, with strong burrowing ability in small sizes. The thicker the sediment is, the more conducive to feeding after burrowing is.
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Complete mitochondrial genome sequencing and phylogeny analysis of goby (Taenioides cirratus)
LIANG Yangyang, ZHANG Guoqing, CHEN Cheng, ZHAO Xiuxia, GAO Na, LI Jing, FANG Ting, YANG Kun, YIN Feng, GUO Wei, LU Wenxuan
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 772-778.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-216
Abstract （1681）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （3143KB）（751）       Save
To clarify the mitochondrial genome characteristics and phylogenetic status of goby ( Taenioides   cirratus ), the complete mitochondrial genomes were analyzed in 12 samples collected from the Nandu River Estuary, Pearl River Estuary, Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake and Nansi Lake and download the mitochondrial genome sequences of closely related species for phylogenetic analysis by the second generation high throughput sequencing technology. Results showed that the length of individual mitochondrial genome was ranged from 16 641 to 16 978 bp, containing 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and the D-loop. The length of each coding gene sequence for every sample was relatively consistent, and the difference in length of the mitochondrial genome was mainly caused by the difference in D-loop length (975-1 314 bp). Based on the 13 PCG and 2 rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis combined the sequences in present study with published closely related mitogenomes showed that the goby was divided into 3 major clades. Samples from Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake and Nansi Lake were clustered into one clade while samples from the Nandu River Estuary or the Pearl River Estuary were divided into two clades. Cladistic analysis depicted that  T.cirratus  was showed to form a paraphyletic group with  Odontamblyopus   rubicundus  and  Taenioides   anguillaris . The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the formation of the Asian monsoon that brought about changes in water system pattern in China were the likely causes for the formation of  T.cirratus  current phylogenetic status. The finding provides crucially important basis for the resource conservation and further taxonomic clarification of  T.cirratus .
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Sequence characteristics, SNP locus and association with growth traits of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) in Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio haematoperus)
WANG Xinhua, LU Chang, XU Wenyan, QI Zixin, XU Mengmeng
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (5): 763-771.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-001
Abstract （1672）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （11582KB）（797）       Save
In order to explore the function of insulin-induced gene 1 ( INSIG 1) in the growth and development process of Yellow River carp ( Cyprinus   carpio   haematoperus ), the sequence characteristics, expression patterns and SNP association with growth traits of  INSIG 1 in 26 all-sibling lineages of Yellow River carp ( Cc - INSIG 1) were analyzed based on the candidate gene approach. The results showed that the full-length DNA of  Cc - INSIG 1 gene was 4 853 bp, containing 5 exons and 4 introns, and the full-length cDNA of  Cc - INSIG 1 gene was 1 530 bp, including 756 bp of the coding sequence, encoding 251 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of  Cc -INSIG1 showed high homology with INSIG1 of other species, and clustered with other fish species in Cyprinidae like horned golden-line barbel ( Sinocyclocheilus   rhinocerous ), zebrafish ( Danio   rerio ) and crucian carp ( Carassius   auratus ). The  Cc -INSIG1 protein had relative molecular mass of 27 674.25 and the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 8.09, and belonged to the stable hydrophobic protein, without signal peptide. The structure analysis revealed that there were 6 transmembrane structures and the tertiary structure mainly consisted of 6 alpha helices and random coils. Real-time PCR analysis showed that  Cc - INSIG 1 was ubiquitous expressed in liver, spleen, kidney, intestine, heart, gill, brain, muscle and skin, with extreme predominance in intestine and liver, and the minimum in gill. Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified in DNA sequence of  Cc - INSIG 1, two, that is, g.1854T>C and g.1982A>T, were significantly associated with Fulton’s condition factor ( K ) in the populations of Yellow River carp ( P <0.05), and without association with growth traits in other SNP. It was found that  INSIG 1 gene was involved in the growth and development of Yellow River carp, and its mutation sites g.1854T>C and g.1982A>T significantly influenced the Fulton’s condition factor of Yellow River carp. The findings provided available markers for gene (marker)-assisted selective breeding in Yellow River carp, which has great significance to the breeding of Yellow River carp with excellent economic traits.
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Advances in effects and regulatory mechanism of cortisol on process of sex differentiation in fish: a review
GAO Rui, YAN Hongwei, LIU Ying, LIU Qi
Journal of Dalian Ocean University    2023, 38 (4): 726-.   DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-293
Abstract （1565）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （1728KB）（709）       Save
Sex determination and differentiation of fish has been increasingly concerned in the fields of developmental biology, reproductive physiology, and genetics and breeding in recent years. Unlike other vertebrates, sex determination and differentiation of fish are featured by high plasticity, and is influenced by several environmental factors such as temperature, density, and pH. Exploration of the molecular mechanism of sex determination and differentiation of fish is crucially important for sex control breeding, and conducive to improving aquaculture efficiency. Recently, is proved cortisol, the predominant glucocorticoid in fish, has an important role in the process of sex differentiation in fish. The effects of exogenous cortisol treatment on fish sex differentiation, the effects of environmental factors on the variation pattern of endogenous cortisol levels during fish sex differentiation and sex change, and the molecular mechanism of cortisol in regulating sex differentiation and sex change are summarized. Some suggestions for future research are proposed including understanding of the mechanism of cortisol-induced masculinization and the interaction of cortisol and epigenetic factors, aiming to provide theoretical reference for further exploring the functional and regulatory roles of cortisol.
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