The effects of fourweaning foods including soybeanmilk,egg yolk,fairy shrimp and rotifers enriched by green algaChlorella vulgarison growth performance and body composition of larval bulatmai barbelBarbus capitowere investigated in order to explore the optimalweaning food of bulatmaibarbel larvae.The results showed that the fish had increase in body weight and body length since 14 days post hatching(DPH)with the best growth in the fish fed rotiferswhich showed higher survival rate,bodyweight,and body length than those in the fish fed the other foods on 14 DPH,19 DPH and 24 DPH.There were 16.45％of protein and 8.79％of fat in the fish fed rotifers. The fish fed fairy shrimp had body weightof1545.2mg,body length of22.509mm and survival rate of88.7％on 24 DPH,significantly higher than those in the fish fed egg yolk and soybean milk.The larvae had good growth by 14 DPH,and seldom grew later when they fed egg yolk.Theminimal growth and survival rates were found in the fish fed soybeanmilk.The findings indicated that rotifers enriched byChlorella vulgariswasmost suitable as aweaning food,and that the key point for initial feedingwas of14 DPH in bulatmaibarbell larvae,egg yolk being used as a supplement food before 14 DPH.

Hormones and their dosages are crucial in fish industrialized artificial propagation. In order to provide reference with economically important main fishes farming in China, we summarized the types and dosage of hormones used in induction to spawn in economically important main fishes (116 species in 12 orders) in China and the mechanism of artificial propagation and the methods and rules of hormone injection are discussed. Also, we probe into the research future on optimal hormones used in new variety farming, microencapsulation slow release technology and gene expression regulation.

Effects of different levels of sodium citrate, EDTA - Na2, HEPES, and sodium oxalate on anticoag-ulation of coelomocytes were studied in sea cumcumber Stichopus japonicus. The results showed that the coelomocytes were morphologically kept activity at 1.0 - 1.5 mg/mL EDTA - Na2, 3.8 mg/mL sodium citrate, 0.2 - 0.6 mg/mL HEPES, and 1.0 - 1.5 mg/mL sodium oxalate, EDTA - Na2 being the best anticoagulant.

The paper introduces the researching results of shellfish aquaculture and purification in Jinbei Square. Several tests has been done such as aquaculture density, circulating water volume, aerating pattern, water temperature and oxygen consumption, oxygenation capacity, circulating water quality, death of halting electricity etc. The results indicate that it is suitable for the aquaculture density to be less than 0.3 kg/L, aerating oxygenation patterns to be aerating outside the tanks, aquaculture temperature to be 6℃, shellfish＇s activity to be normal when dissolved oxygen is over 3.7 mg/L, the circulating frequency to be more than 3 per day, and halting electricity to be less than 3 h.

The sushi-grade evaluation technology and indicators are constantly developing, and the establishment of scientific and efficient evaluation methods is more and more urgent with the continuous improvement of the demand for high seafood.This paper focuses on fresh products, and systematically reviews the development of seafood quality evaluation from two aspects: indicators and methods.Firstly, the scientific origin of freshness evaluation and the construction process of traditional fishery product evaluation technology system are reviewed systematically from sensory evaluation and non-sensory evaluation methods, and the research progress of live product quality evaluation in recent years is described.Then, systematic analysis and emerging technologies and their corresponding indicators are discussed with modern analytical techniques as the focus.The analysis and summary centering on the evaluation system of traceability, varieties and sushi-grade are analyzed through modern analytical techniques such as chromatography, mass spectrum and spectrum, combined with Omics technology.Finally, from basic theory research on raw material to learn, the defects of the traditional consumption mode, and upgrade the existing domestic consumption and demand three aspects, the sushi-grade for the study of the importance and necessity of breakthrough point and the corresponding quality index and key real-time analysis technology is put forward to provide some reference for the application and development of fresh seafood evaluation indices and methods to promote fishery product-processing industry upgrading.

Amyloodiniosis, commonly referred to as “marine velvet”, velvet disease, is a parasitological disease caused by one of the most common and important parasitic dinoflagellates Amyloodinium ocellatum. The A.ocellatum infects a wide range of fish species in different habitats including tropical and subtropical geographical locations, and has a direct life cycle that comprises three stages: trophont, tomont, and dinospores, which can be completed in less than a week dependent on favorable environmental factors. The disease is characterized by rapid onset and high mortality, which seriously hinders the healthy development of China’s marine fish industrial farming and semi-intensive pond farming, leading to huge economic losses. The typical symptoms of amyloodiniosis are changes in fish behavior, decreased appetite, faster breathing, and swimming at the water surface or gathering at the areas with higher dissolved oxygen concentrations. Fish mortalities are usually attributed to hypoxia, inflammation, severe gill hyperplasia, hemorrhage, and necrosis in heavy infestations. This review summarizes the current situation and the latest researches progress on the life cycle of A.ocellatum, the prevalence, detection methods, and preventive and control measures of amyloodiniosis. It is proposed to strengthen the future research of pathogenic detection of the farming environment, low-temperature preservation, vaccine development, aiming to provide references for the scientific prevention and treatment of marine fish amyloodiniosis in fisheries production.

In recent years, aquaculture activities cause severely impair to health of water body in nature as the rapid development of intensive aquaculture. During the aquaculture, fish faeces fail to be a properly handled and become the main contaminant which can destroy the water environment in aquaculture. The hazards coming from fish faeces to water body and farmed animals are summarized, the factors influencing fecal production and particles size under the condition of aquaculture are described, and several kinds of commonly measures from abroad and at home to prevent and control the hazards are discussed. The problems in management of water pollution in China, and a new outlook in the content of future research on faeces are presented.

This paper presents basic principle and structure including the advantages,and disadvantages of the optic fibre gyro compass.The developing process of the fiber optic gyro compass was described and the forecast to the future application prospect was carried out.Meanwhile the errors and the precision factors affecting the optical fiber gyro compass were analyzed.The measurement to decrease the errors was put forward.

Fish eggs could be classified into three categories: adhesive, weakly adhesive and non-adhesive, depending on degree of egg adhesiveness. Many commercially important fish spawn as adhesive eggs, and upon contact with water, the outer layer of the chorionic membrane becomes hydrated, and the adhesive substance subsequently becomes activated and sticky. The adhesiveness of eggs is a huge challenge to artificial incubation and breeding technology, and thus the researches on the characteristics and the mechanisms of adhesive eggs are of great significance to the artificial reproduction of fish. Here we reviewed the latest research progress and developments on characteristics and mechanisms of adhesive eggs, and we also compared the effects of various reproduction methods in different fishes. Furthermore, the future and multiple potentials of artificial incubation and reproduction technologies in fishes that produce adhesive eggs are discussed to provide reference for the artificial breeding of adhesive eggs-spawning fishes.

Juvenile Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedti with initial body weight of 29.70 g±1.32 g were reared in nine square concrete ponds(4.4 m×4.4 m×0.6 m)at stocking density of 2.5 kg/m3(80 ind./m2) (SD1),3.6 kg/m3(115 ind./m2)(SD2),and 4.7 kg/m3(150 ind./m2)(SD3)for 90 days with triplication to investigate the influence of stocking density on hormone,physiological and biochemical components of the juvenile. Cortisol levels were shown to be elevated in the Russian sturgeon reared for 50 d in the experimental groups,significantly higher in the fish reared for 90 d in group SD3 than in SD1 group and SD2 group(P＜0.05).The hemoglobin content was found to be significantly and positively correlated with the stocking density(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in leukocyte contents at different stocking densities of Russian sturgeon(P＜0.05),significantly higher white blood cell count in the juvenile Russian sturgeon in group SD3 than those in group SD1 and group SD2(P＜0.05),indicating that the long-term high-density culture of the Russian sturgeon led to physical and pathological damage of the fish by the end of the experiment.The Russian sturgeon juveniles showed a tendency of blood-sugar levels upgrade first then descending,significantly lower in group SD1 than in group SD3 and group SD2(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in levels of total cholesterol and total protein(P＞0.05).At the end of the experiment,the juveniles had significantly higher blood triglyceride content in group SD3 than the juveniles in group SD1 did(P＜0.05),without significant difference between group SD1 and SD2.The findings indicate that the order of energy utilization in Russian sturgeon was expressed as blood sugar＞serum protein＞blood lipid.

Protease activities were determined in different parts of digestive organs in largemouth bass （Micropterus salraoides） at different temperature, pH and casein concentration by means of enzymological analysis. The results showed that the protease activities in different parts of digestive organs were arranged in a descent order as： stomach 〉 pyloric caeca 〉 foregut 〉 midgut 〉 hindgut. The protease activities changed with variations in temperature, pH and casein concentration in different organs. The optimum temperatures and pH were （40℃, 2.4 ） for stomach, （55℃ ,7.6） for pyloric caeca（45℃ ,8.0） for gut. The optimum temperature for protease activity was higher than that in the fish body. The highest activity of protease occurred in strong acidic condition in stomach, but in neutral or weak alkaline condition in pyloric caeca and gut. The activity of the protease also changed with concentrations of the casein, the optimum casein concentration of 20 g/L for stomach. 20 g/L for pyloric caeca, and 10 g/L for gut.

The biological characteristics of bacterium Flavobacterium columnare were studied by Gram stain,colorimetry and agar diffusion methods.The bacterium cultured in broth Shieh meddium for 24 hours was showed different shape in the appearance including arch shape,U form,V form or S form and so on.Some of Flavobacterium columnare cultured for 72 hours appeared as branched cells and more granular involution form than that for 48 hours.The extracellular products（ECP） were found to be positive in the protease,lipoidase and lecithinase,but negative in amylase,gelatinase and urease.

Acute toxicity of several disinfectants and antibiotics to juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus was determined. It was found that the acute toxicity of the medicines to sea cucumber juveniles in a descent order ranged as oxytetracycline > norfloxacin > sulfamethoxazole. Medium lethal concentration (LC 50) in 24, 48 h of oxytetracycline is 166 mg/L, and 115 mg/L with safe concentration(SC) of 16.56 mg/L , respectively; LC 50 in 24,48 h of norfloxacin is 457, 407 mg/L, respectively, and safe concentration(SC)is 96.9 mg/L; LC 50 in 48, 72 h of sulfamethoxazole is 300, 224 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity sequence of the disinfectants to sea cucumber juveniles in a descent order ranged as chlorine dioxide > potassium permanganate > formalin > sodium chlorite > dipterex. The 24 h LC 50 of chlorine dioxide is 0.36 mg/L; the 24,48 h, and 72 h LC 50 of potassium permanganate is 3.02,2.09,1.26 mg/L, respectively, with SC of 0.23 mg/L; the 24, 48 h,and 72 h LC 50 of formalin is 8.71×10 -6,4.37×10 -6, 1.62×10 -6, respectively, with SC of 0.33×10 -6; the 24, 48, 72 h ,and 96 h LC 50 of sodium chlorite is 44.7×10 -6,14.5×10 -6,10.0×10 -6, and 9.3×10 -6, respectively, with a SC of 8.46 mg/L; the 24,48,72 h,and 96 h LC 50 of dipterex is 479,158,105,78 mg/L, respectively, with a SC of 6.49 mg/L. The feasibility of several common disinfectants and antibiotics in the culture of the sea cucumber was discussed.

A total of 360 individuals of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala with body weight of(13.5± 0.5)g was randomly stocked into a tank with a stocking density of 30 fish and fed diets containing fructo-oligosaccharide(FOS)at a dose of 0,0.4%and 0.8%with four replication for 8 weeks and then activities of immune enzymes and antioxidant capability were detected in serum of 24 fish per tank exposed to 34℃by a colorimetry and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in order to explore effects of FOS on immune response and antioxidant capability of blunt snout bream under heat stress.The results showed that there were no significant differences in activities of glutamic oxalo acetic transaminase(GOT)and alkline phosphatase(AKP)among all groups in the fish without thermal stress(P＞0.05).Meanwhile,there were significantly lower activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)in the fish fed the diets containing FOS than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The blunt snout bream fed the diet containing 0.4%of FOS group had significantly lower GPT activity(P＜0.05)than the animals fed the diet containing 0.8%of FOS,without significant difference between in 0.8%FOS group and the control group in 24 h(P＞0.05).The fish fed the diet containing 0.4%of FOS exposed to 34℃for 12 h showed significantly higher AKP activity than the fish in the other groups did(P＜0.05).There were significantly higher complement 3(C3)and complement 4(C4)in 0.4%FOS than that in the control without thermal stress(P＜0.05)and with 3 h and 6 h thermal stress,without significant difference between the control and the 0.8%FOS group(P＞0.05).There were increase in activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and total antioxidant enzyme(T-AOC) among all groups with thermal stress,without significant difference(P＞0.05).The activities of catalase(CAT) and T-AOC were shown to be significantly higher first in fish fed the diet containing 0.4%of FOS than those in the control group(P＜0.05),the maximum in 6 h thermal exposure,significantly higher T-AOC activity in 0.4%FOS group compared to that in the control group at 3 h and 6 h thermal exposure(P＜0.05).The malondialdehyde (MDA)contents were increased first and then decreased with thermal stress,significantly lower in 0.4%FOS group than that of the control group in 0 h and 48 h thermal exposure(P＜0.05).In addition,there was no significant interaction between the FOS levels and the sampling time(P＞0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation of 0.4%FOS may effectively relieve the adverse effects of heat stress on blunt snout bream.

This paper summarizes the progress on principle and technology of high - density rotifer in mass culture method in Japan. There are at least 100 times more efficient in Japanese mass rotifer culture method with less cost for production than that in the conventional method. Firstly, condensed freshwater Chlorella is employed as new food for rotifers instead of bakery yeast and Nannochloropsis. Secondly, cultures were generally supplied with constant O2 to avoid oxygen deficiency. Thirdly, pH was adjusted to 7 by automatic addition of HCl to promote the dissociation of NH3 to NH4^＋ and OH^-. Fourth, the excess suspended organic matter can be efficiently romoved by a nylon filtration mat. Fifth, addition of a defoamer substance can prevent the culture water from loss and from rotifer attachment to the foam. Using these techniques, the rotifer culture density increases to 20 000 ind. /mL. Recently a novel culture system using a continuous membrane filtration unit （CMFU） for ultra -high -density culture is developed in Japan. In this culture system NH4^＋ and soluble organic substances are removed by the culture liquid, with rotifer density of 160 000 ind. /mL.

Histopathological, haematological and toxicological effects of malachite green （MG） on various animals, and the biotransformation of malachite green （MG） and its matabolites, leucomalachite green （LMG） were summarized. The recent research advances on determination of malachite green and leueomalachite green were dewed abroad. Alternative disinfectants to malachite green were advised. An approach to remove excess malachite green from treatment water should be explored.

According to the trend of worldwide environment protection, the paper discusses the end using time of some refrigerants, refrigerant replacement and transition, and recycling of prohibited refrigerants. Some proposals for refrigerant replacement in China are also given in the paper.

The histological structures of the sluge worm Perinereis aibuhitensis was systemically observed by light microscopy.Results showed that the worm consists of body wall,parapodium,digestive and emunctory systems.The body walls comprise of parietal peritoneum of a simple squamous epithelium,smooth muscular layers including circular muscle,longitudinal muscle and diagonal muscle,epidermis of single-layered columnar cells containing gland cells and sense cells and horniness layers.The cuticle layer is a non-chitin albuminoid velum secreted from the epidermal cells.The epidermis of parapodium,consistent with body wall,contain capillary vessels,connective tissue,mucilage cells and blood corpuscles.During the period of gonad development,a large number of germ cells are found in the parapldium walls.The digestive system includes the digestive tract,which is a straight tube from the mouth to the anal,buccal cavity,pharynx,esophagus,stomach and intestines.and the digestive gland on both sides of the esophagus.The excretory system is made up of nephridium.

Effects of water temperature(8,18 and 28℃)and salinity of 10,20,and 30 on Shewanella loihica ECSMB14101 biofilms and subsequent effect on settlement of plantigrades of mussel Mytilus coruscus with shell length of(1.81±0.13)mm were studied.The confocal laser scanning microscopy technique was used to investigate the characteristics of biofilms including biofilm thickness and the distribution of bacteria in biofilms.The results showed that the final density and thickness of the ECSMB14101 biofilm were increased with increase in temperature and salinity,with the maximal thickness of(4.4±0.1)μm at a salinity of 30 and at temperature of 28℃. The settlement inducing activities of the biofilms were different under different conditions of temperatures and salinities.The amount of bacteria in the biofilm was found to be increased with the increasing temperature,and the mussel had settlement rate of 31%at 8℃and 68%at 18℃,with significant difference(P＜0.05).In contrast, there was no significant difference in inducing activity at 18℃and 28℃(P＞0.05).The findings explored the interplay between environmental factors,biofilm formation,and settlement of mussel plantigrades.

The research status and prospectives of organisms in Chinese saline lakes were elaborated in this paper.The exploitation and utilizations of saline lake resource organisms have broadly prospects.The Salinology,one of a new course,should have being made a good progress.

Koi carp Cyprinus carpio with initial body weight of(195.88±0.98)g was fed three kinds of diets,Japanese commercial diet(as control)and the diets containing growth-promoting additive complex(L-carnitine, blood-cell protein meal,Spirulina powder and Bacillus subtilis powder),and pigmentation-promoting additive complex(astaxanthin,spirulina and Bacillus subtilis)at water temperature of(25±1)℃for 60 days with triplication to investigate effects of different additive combination in diets on growth and body pigmentation of koi carp. Growth performance and body pigmentation of koi carp were determined every 15 days during the 60 d experimental period.Results showed that the koi carp fed the diets containing growth-promoting additive complex and Japanese commercial diets showed similar growth performance,with lower food conversion ratio than the koi carp fed the Japanese diets.The diets containing pigmentation-promoting additive complex led to improve the body pigmentation of the red and white koi carp,which is comparable to the koi carp fed the control diets.The similar degree of pigmentation was observed in the koi carp fed both experimental pigmentation diets,indicating that the two experimental diets with different feed additive combination have the equivalent effects with Japanese commercial diets and that can match the standard in promoting the growth and body pigmentation of koi carp.

Based on a number of compaction tests, the compaction behaviour of heterogeneous soil is investigated in this paper. Then an empirical formula for assessing the maximum dry density of heterogeneous soil is proposed. It is shown that the proposed formula is practically applicable.

Since low temperature is one of the main environmental factors affecting production and survival of shellfish, the research of mechanisms and tolerance to low temperature in shellfish has very important role in shellfish breeding industry. In this review, we summarize the progress in the field of the resistance and tolerance to cold stress in shellfish in recent years, focusing on research results of shellfish responding to low temperature stress, and effects of low temperature on physiological and biochemical characteristics of shellfish, including changes in energy budget, body composition and enzyme activities of shellfish under low temperature. The response of cold responsive genes in shellfish to low temperature is described, including the expression changes in cold shock proteins gene, heat shock proteins gene and antioxidant enzyme gene under low temperature stress. On this basis, the prevention and control measures of shellfish in response to low temperature environment are discussed and new perspectives and information on future research and practice in this field is put forward.

Types and levels of nutrients in feed not only affect gonad development, fecundity, gamete production, fertilization rate, hatching rate and embryonic development of aquatic animals, but also affect the quality and survival rate of their larvae. In the course of breeding, the common methods to promote reproduction mainly include physical heating and cooling, water stimulation, dry stimulation, and removal of eyestalks. In recent years, it has become the focus on scientific research and commerce to control the reproductive capacity of aquatic organisms by changing the types and levels of nutrients in feedstuffs. In this paper, the application status of common nutrients in aquaculture is reviewed, and the effects of different nutrients on the reproductive performance of aquatic animals are introduced. Many studies have shown that nutrients such as protein, fat, vitamins, minerals and sugars can significantly improve the growth performance and reproductive capacity of aquatic animals, but some contradictory results have also been reported. These results seem to depend on differences in the type, source, content, and experimental conditions of cultured aquatic animals. The purpose of this review is to discuss the effects of different sources and levels of nutrients on the reproductive capacity of aquatic animals and their mechanisms, so as to provide scientific basis for the promotion of aquaculture.

The species，functional mechanism and application of antagonistic bacteria in animal pathogens in aquature are reviewed to research for preventive and controll measures to replace antibiotics in aquaculture.Moreover，the new trends and prospects of probiotics application in aquaculture are also discussed.The findings will provide references with research and development of probiotics and control of the disease in aquaculture.

Modern marine ranching is a new exploitation mode of marine living resources that is suitable for modern sustainable development strategy, and plays an important role in promoting the structural reform of fishery supply, rapid development of ocean economy and the steady implementation of the strategy of building a strong maritime country in China.This paper summarizes the concept development, technology system and development status of modern marine ranching in China by systematically colleting relevant literature and combining with the latest research progress on marine ranching.The outstanding problems in the construction of modern marine ranching is discussed and development trend of modern marine ranching in China is presented.The development strategy can be made good progress from three aspects: modern science and technology, marine coordination and industrial integration to provide a reference for the scientific, normative and healthy development of modern marine ranching.

In order to solve the using limitation of non - continuous lines among AutoCAD standard lines for ship graphing, some lines＇definition, like phantom and other non -continuous lines, are introduced in this article. The multi -line （five -line） definition way of trajectory is described in drawing for a boat.

Cultivating excellent disease-resistant fish varieties can effectively solve and reduce more and more serious disease problems with the transformation of aquaculture mode from extensive to intensive. The development of fish disease-resistant breeding is primarily summarized, including the research progress of family and population breeding, molecular marker-assisted breeding, genomic selection and major histocompatibilty complex (MHC) gene polymorphism and disease resistance. Family and population breeding, one of the important means of selective breeding, has been widely used in a variety of fish disease-resistant breeding research. The introduction of molecular marker-assisted breeding and genomic selection has also promoted the progress of disease-resistant breeding in the aquaculture industry. In addition, the high polymorphism of the fish MHC gene associated with disease-resistant phenotype has made it a candidate for disease-resistant breeding molecule markers. The problems and shortcomings in the breeding of disease-resistant fish and the prospect of disease-resistant breeding of fish are discussed in the future, aiming to provide reference with the green and healthy development of the aquaculture industry.

Koi carp Cyprinus carpio with initial body weight of(52.99±1.95)g was reared in net cages at a density of 30 fish per cage and fed six isonitrogenous(38.5%-38.6%,crude protein)and isocaloric(12.2 MJ/kg)diets containing 0(control,D1),3%(D2),6%(D3),9%(D4),13%(D5),and 14%(D6)dry duckweed meal replacing corresponding rapeseed meal at water temperature of(29.0±1.1)℃or 8 weeks with triplication to evaluate the effects of dietary duckweed levels on growth,antioxidant ability,and digestive ability of koi carp.The results showed that there were significantly higher weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR),protein efficient ratio(PER)and condition factor(CF)and significantly lower food conversion ratio(FCR)in the fish in group D6 than those in the control group and in group D2(P＜0.05).The koi carp fed the diet containing 14%duckweed had significantly higher activities of protease and lipase than the fish in other groups did(P＜0.05),without significant differences in amylase activity(P＞0.05).There were significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)in hepatopancreas,kidney,spleen and serum in the fish fed the diets containing 9%and 14%duckweed meal than those in the other groups(P＜0.05),with significantly lower contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the fish fed the diets containing 14%duckweed(P＜0.05).The findings indicate that supplementation of 14%duckweed replacing corresponding rapeseed meal can improve the growth,and meet requirements for antioxidant ability and digestive capacity of koi carp.

Identification,culture performance and nutrient analysis were conducted in a yeast Rhodotorula benthica by physiological and biochemical and molecular methods to explore the possibility of a yeast Rhodotorula benthica as dietary protein resource in aquaculture.It was found that the strain was similar to another Rhodotorula benthica in colony,cell morphology and physiological biochemical characteristics.Amplification and partially sequencing of ITS gene revealed that there was a 598 bp fragment in the total DNA sequence of the yeast,with 99%homology of nucleotide sequence with that in the reported Rhodotorula slooffiae ITS gene by NCBI GenBank,indicating that the yeast strain is Rhodotorula slooffiae.The peak value of 2.25×108cfu/mL and the maxiaml carotenoid concentration of 83.6 μg/g were observed in the liquid medium culture of the yeast strain.The findings indicate that Rhodotorula slooffiae is rich in nutrients including vitamins,unsaturated fatty acids and proteins,playing an important role in aquaculture in the future.

Swim bladders as an important by-product during fish producing have rich sources. Extracts from fish air bladders with the acid, enzyme, hot water, salt, alkali and microorganism, collagen has a variety of biological properties such as low immunogenicity, high histocompatibility, strong cell activation, and good degradability, showing great medical values in cell culturing, wound healing, drugs manufacturing, and biomass power generating. The present paper describes the preparation process and structural characteristics of collagen from swim bladders of fish species and expounded their biomedical applications. Also, the current problems in research of extraction from different fish air bladders are discussed and the future development is looked forward to, aiming to fill the gaps in the medical field with the swim bladders so that realizing greater social value.

A 30 day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fish meal replaced by Hermetia illucens meal on growth performance,body composition and plasma biochemical indices of koi carp Cyprinus carpio. A total of 270 individuals with an average body weight of 51.2 g were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate and fed three diets containing 0(H1),50%(H2),and 70%(H3)of fish meal replaced by Hermetia illucens meal on basal diet basis.The results showed that there was no significant difference in weight gain rate,condition factor,hepatosomatic index,and shape among all groups(P＞0.05).Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT)and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT)activities were significantly inhibited in plasma of the koi carp fed the diets containing high Hermetia illucens meal(P＜0.05),with high GOT activity in the fish fed the diet containing 70%fish meal replaced by Hermetia illucens meal.There was significantly higher activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in plasma and hepatopancreas in groups H2 and H3 than that in the control group(P＜0.05).However,the koi in groups H2 and H3 had significantly lower malondialdehyde(MDA) content in hepatopancreas than the fish in the control group did(P＜0.05).The findings indicate that Hermetia illucens meal leads to improve oxidation resistance and disease resistance in koi carp,and suggeste that fish meal replaced by maggot meal should not be more than 70%in diets.

Plantigrades of thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus with shell length of(1.31±0.05)mm were fed algae Isochrysis zhanjiangensis,and Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis,and a mixture of the two algae at volumetric proportion of 1∶1 at water temperature of 18℃and a salinity of 30 for 21 days,and survival rate,shell length,shell height,wet body weight,specific growth rate(SGR)and amylase activity of the plantigrades were determined in order to understand the effects of different diets on the growth,survival and digestion of thick shell mussel juveniles.The results showed that there were no significant differences in survival rates(over 93%)in all groups(P＞0.05).However,the plantigrades fed the mixture of the two algae had significantly higher SGR,and amylase activity than the animals fed single alga did during over 14 day rearing period(P＜0.05).The findings will provide an important theoretical basis for the cultivation of thick shell mussel plantigrades.

Gene editing as one of the most widely used technologies in life sciences has greatly promoted the research process of life science due to its accuracy of endogenous gene changes. CRISPR technology has the advantages of high efficiency and simplicity, and is the most widely applicable and reliable gene editing technology. CRISPR and other gene editing technologies have been increasingly applied in marine organisms, while they have been deeply developed in genetic breeding of animal and plant, biological medicine and other fields. The history, principle and application of gene editing are reviewed, with emphasis on application status and development prospect of gene editing CRISPR technology in genetic breeding of marine organisms, in order to provide reference for promoting the application of gene editing technology in protection and development of marine biological resources, genetic breeding and other fields.

Astaxanthin of Antarctic krill as a huge bioresource, still deeply undeveloped and unutilized marine living resources is a natural antioxidant with great antioxidant activities, and particularly, plays an important role in the body color change and the improvement of immunity of fish. In this article, the advances of preparation methods (solvent extraction method, enzymatic hydrolysis method, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction), structure characteristics, bioactivities, detection methods (ultraviolet spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, laser Raman spectrometry, high efficiency liquid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry) of astaxanthin from Antarctic krill are reviewed, and future suggestions on mechanism researches, key technologies and product developments of Antarctic krill astaxanthin are put forward. It is anticipated that contribute the deep research and utilization of Antarctic krill astaxanthin in the future.

A sponge-associated actinobacterium FH with strong bioactivity was isolated from marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis,and identified by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis as Streptomyces globisporus.The inhibition of Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio splendidus by FH strain was studied and the fermentation condition of FH strain was optimized,including influence of preservation temperature and time on the antibacterial effect of fermented product. The dry weight of mycelium revealed that the growth curve of FH strain showed a lag phase in 0-15 h,log phase in 15-72 h,stationary phase in 72-120 h and decline phase after 120 h.The optimal fermentation of FH strain was observed under conditions of temperature 25℃,pH 7.5 and loading volume 30 mL in the orthogonal experiment, with the best antibacterial effect on Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio splendidus by the crude extracts of FH strain fermented in 72 h under this condition.However,there was no significant difference in the antibacterial effects in the crude extracts of FH strain stored at 4℃and-20℃for 60 days and stored 7 days at room temperature(P＞0.05).Addition of 2 mL fermentation product of FH strain in 100 mL sterilized seawater led to effectively inhibit the growth of Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio splendidus.The findings indicated that the sponge-associated actinobacterium FH and its fermentation product had potential application in the field of mariculture.

The zooplankton quantity was monitored in November of 2012(autum),February(winter),May (spring)and August(summer)of 2013 in Dongshan Bay,Shandong province,to study the relationship between zooplankton quantity characteristics and aquaculture activity and water masses in Dongshan bay.The results showed that there were more zooplankton species,abundance and biomass in several fixed stations waters near Zhangjiang estuary,Bachi Door,mouth of Zhangjiang estuary and outside the Gulf in Dongshan bay,which is related to the water masses and aquaculture environment.The high species abundance and biomass of zooplankton in the estuary waters are attributed to the maximal Zhangjiang runoff in spring,and zooplankton rich in outer bay stations in summer is resulted from the strong external forces outside water mass.The weak water mass forces in autumn and winter,however,zooplankton was found to be more abundant in farming activity prevailing area,leading to seasonal changes in dominant species in Dongshan bay：from the dominant species Acartia pacifica,Paracalanus aculeatus and Calanus sinicus in November 2012 to Calanus sinicus in February 2013.There were three dominant species Calanus sinicus.Acartia pacifica and Paracalanus parvus in May of 2013,and dominant species Oikopleura dioica, Subeucalanus subcrassus and Sagitta enflata were observed in August 2013.Different horizontal distributions of dominant species were found in various season：Calanus sinicus and A.pacifica in the Gulf in autumn,winter and spring and Sagitta enflata and Subeucalanus subcrassus in the waters outside the Gulf in August.Oikopleura dioica had a wide range of temperature adaptation,became the most important species in the Gulf instead of Calanus sinicus and A.pacifica,indicating that aquaculture activity and water masses affect in some extent the distribution of zooplankton in Dongshan bay.

Glycoprotein gene was cloned from the total RNA extracted from the suspension of Shlj1 strain with Spring Viremia of Carp Virus(SVCV)using RT-PCR,nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein was sequenced, and amino acid was deduced to predict the spatial structure and B cell antigenic epitope of SVCV glycoprotein.A three dimensional model of the glycoprotein was established based on the amino acid sequence,and by Phyre2,and flexible region,hydrophilicity,surface probability and antigenic index of the glycoprotein was analyzed by the Protean module in DNAStar software.It was found that the glycoprotein of the SVCV Shlj1 strain had nucleotide sequences of 1527 bp coding 509 amino acids.Space structure prediction revealed that there were a certain number of glycoprotein α-helix,β-pleated sheet,β-turn and a large number of random coil structure,with relatively regular spatial confirmation,in the SVCV Shlj1 strain.The analysis of parameters such as antigen index and antigen epitope index indicated that there were many fragments with high antigen index located in the glycoprotein,with average antigen index of 1.025,and the maximum value of 1.250.The potential B cell antigenic epitope regions were more likely located in 4-26,145-157,293-302,315-327,and 407-491 amino acid sites,indicating that the SVCV Shlj1 strain appeared to have five antigen epitope regions located in the glycoprotein.The findings provide a theoretical basis for preparation of monoclonal antibody and design of epitope vaccine against SVCV.

Ascidians as a typical marine fouling organisms can rapidly attach to the surface of underwater substrate temporarily by means of papillae during larvae, and subsequently developed successively to reach permanent adhesion via ampulla, adhesive projection and stolon. The special adhesive organs and associated complex mechanisms make it difficult to develop antifouling strategies against these species. However, it also brings new ideas for the development of novel hydrogels or effective antifouling surfaces. Here, we review the mechanisms of biological adhesion at larval and adult stages in ascidians, and summarize the existing research on antifouling and biomimetics. The research progresses are suggested including adhesive organs, identification and analysis of adhesive proteins, designing specific materials for preventing adhesion of ascidians, and biomimetic research of ascidians based on the molecular level to provide theoretical reference for further studies on the adhesion mechanism of marine organisms and the development of antifouling strategies and bionic materials.

Artificial reef is an artificial facility used to restore and optimize the marine ecological environment and to build a habitat for marine aquatic organisms.It is also a basic ecological project in the construction of marine ranching.The selection and use of reef materials are directly related to the effect of artificial reef.From the six main categories of reef materials and the durability, environmental adaptability, biological affinity and economy considered in the use of materials, this paper summarizes the development status of materials used in the construction of artificial reefs at home and abroad, arranges and analyzes the characteristics and application effects of various reef materials of artificial reefs, and future development suggestions are put forward in the research, development and application of eco-friendly materials, new materials for resource recycling, carbon sequestration functional materials under double carbon goals and new artificial reef materials based on intelligent materials.It is expected to provide scientific reference for the selection of reef materials and the research and development of new materials.