Journal of Dalian Fisheries University

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Applications and future prospects of DeepSeek and fishery intelligent agent in modern fisheries:a review

MA Zhihong, LIU Ying

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(2): 185-194. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2025-062

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The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has provided novel pathways for the intelligent transformation of the fisheries industry.This paper explores the application and development prospects of DeepSeek in fisheries.As a representative domestically developed open source large model,DeepSeek demonstrates high adaptability across multiple fisheries scenarios by leveraging its multimodal integration,dynamic reasoning,and knowledge graph construction capabilities.By constructing a DeepSeek-based fisheries intelligent agent,a new paradigm can be established for core production processes,including precision aquaculture management,breeding optimization,disease prevention,and resource stock assessment.Through interdisciplinary collaborative innovation,the co-construction of an “AI cooperative” ecosystem,technology scenario validation,and algorithm iteration,this study addresses critical challenges such as multisource data governance bottlenecks,industrial collaboration barriers,tacit knowledge conversion obstacles,and spatiotemporal decision making adaptation challenges.These efforts aim to achieve comprehensive integration of AI and fisheries practices,ultimately building a sustainable ecosystem for the intelligent evolution of the fisheries industry.

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Research progress on application of deep learning in fish recognition, counting, and tracking: a review

XU Wenjie, FANG Hui, YANG Shenglong, ZHANG Shengmao, SHI Yongchuang, WU Zuli, YU Shengchi, XIONG Xinquan, YANG Haodong, DAI Yang

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(5): 874-887. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-080

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Fish recognition is essential for fisheries management and ecosystem protection measures due to provide a variety of information on the aquatic ecosystem, especially the abundance of fish resources and aquatic health. Time consuming, laborious and subjective manual fish recognition will lead to fish stress reaction after artificial contact, and is extremely unfavorable to the growth of fish. The traditional machine learning method avoids the adverse effects caused by contact with the fish directly, and still needs to manually extract the features and design the image vectorization method according to the recognition problem. However, deep learning known as end to end learning, different from the above recognition methods, is capable of obtaining high level features from the input data and mining the distribution patterns of the data, can free the labor, circumvent the tendency of subjective recognition, and minimize the stress reaction of fish, which is a positive contribution to the development of smart fisheries and precision aquaculture. The application of deep learning in fish recognition is described, and uniform recognition standard is proposed to clarify future research directions. Also, the level of applied research should be continuously improved to enhance practicability and intelligence. Addressing the interface compatibility between equipment and models is also recommended to increase flexibility for researchers in choosing tools, aiming to provide reference for researchers working on fish recognition using deep learning methods.

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Research progress in the aquaculture biology of the Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

CHEN Huapu

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-155

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The golden pompano(Trachinotus ovatus) is a popular fish variety for marine cage culture and large-scale offshore aquaculture facilities.Successive breakthroughs in key technologies for breeding and cultivating golden pompano have promoted the rapid development of its industrial aquaculture in China.However,issues such as the decline in farming performance,caused by relatively weak fundamental biological and genetic breeding research,have become bottlenecks for sustainable development of this industry.We describe the current state of research and development in the industry and review the biological characteristics of T. ovatus,including resource distribution,habitat,morphological traits,and reproductive biology.We also summarize recent research achievements in artificial breeding,aquaculture,physiological ecology,and genetics.In light of the development,conservation,and the future potential of golden pompano resource,we propose future research directions,including selective breeding,basic genetic mechanisms,gonadal development regulation,and new strain development,to provide references for the future stable development of golden pompano aquaculture sector.

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Current status of development and application of unmanned vessel technology in fisheries: a review

BA Yaoji, TANG Fenghua, ZHANG Shengmao, WANG Fei, DAI Yang, WU Zuli

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(5): 888. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-156

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With the development of artificial intelligence, automatic collision avoidance, and unmanned navigation technologies, unmanned vessels are being used more and more widely, especially in the fishery field, which plays an increasingly important role. The key technologies of unmanned vessels are introduced, mainly including environment sensing, path planning, target analysis and formation control technology, and main applications of unmanned vessels in the fishery field are analyzed. Unmanned vessel technology is also challenged by many problems including difficulty in release and recovery, poor environmental adaptability, limited longrange detection and high cost, although unmanned vessel technology shows great potential. Finally, the future development trend and research direction of unmanned vessels are discussed. With technological progress, unmanned vessels are expected to become an important tool for fishery resources investigation and management.

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Pathogenicity and drug resistance of Bacillus paranthracis strain BC006 from bluntnose black bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) based on whole genome analysis

LIU Zhenhong, LI Wenhui, LI Luying, GAO Meng, YANG Zhijun, LI Yan, PENG Kaisong

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(5): 754-765. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-033

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In order to understand the pathogenicity and drug resistance of Bacillus paranthracis from a genetic perspective, whole genome sequencing, in vivo bacterial virulence testing, and antibiotic sensitivity testing were conducted in the pathogenic bacterium B. paranthracis designated as strain BC006 isolated from viscera of diseased bluntnose black bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). The results showed that, the genome of B.paranthracis strain BC006 consisted of 5 457 931 bp, including 1 chromosome (GenBank ID CP119629) and 7 plasmids (GenBank ID CP119630～CP119636), containing 5 539 coding genes,with the maximal degree of collinearity with B. paranthracis strain 1710 from bovine. The LD50 induced by intraperitoneal injection of BC006 was found to be 4.68×105 CFU/g in bluntnose black bream and 4.22×105 CFU/g in mice. The B. paranthracis strain BC006 carried 43 virulence genes, including alo encoding the hemolysin I component, hly Ⅲ encoding the hemolysin Ⅲ component, nheA/B/C encoding the non hemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe), and sph encoding sphingomyelinase (SMase), whose virulence genes were associated with β- hemolysis and enteritis by BC006. BC006 carried 16 resistance genes. Tet (45) and tetB (P) were shown to be involved in the resistance to tetracycline and doxycycline, and MPhL was involved in the resistance to erythromycin. Both Bc Ⅰ and Bc Ⅱ were involved in the resistance to cefotaxime and penicillin G. QacJ was involved in the resistance to metronidazole, trimethoprim, rifampicin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and compound sulfamethoxazole. The findings indicate that Bacillus subtilis BC006 is a multidrug-resistant bacterium carrying multiple virulence factors, and a newly discovered pathogenic bacterium to bluntnose black bream. It is recommended to use fluophenicol and neomycin sulfate sensitive to this bacterium in national standard fishing medicines.

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Functional analysis of CgPOU3F4L in the apoptosis regulation of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) exposed to high-temperature stress

LI Qingsong, GAO Lei, HU Li, YE Jiayu, WANG Lingling, SONG Linsheng

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(6): 905-914. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-047

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In order to probe the role of CgPOU3F4L gene in the response to high-temperature stress in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), the composition and evolutionary features of POU family genes and the involvement of CgPOU3F4L gene in the regulation of haemocyte apoptosis were investigated in 2 year old Pacific oyster exposed to water temperature of 28 ℃ for 72 h. The results revealed that the Pacific oyster genome contained four POU family genes, namely CgPOU2F1, CgPOU3F4, CgPOU3F4L, and CgPOU4F3. The CgPOU3F4L possessed a unique amino acid sequence, the unclear functional differentiation characteristics of which are not yet clear. There were significantly higher mRNA expression levels of CgPOU3F4L in mantle, adductor muscle and haemocyte than that in hepatopancreas, as high 91.32, 19.24 and 7.92 fold as that in hepatopancreas (P<0.05), as high 2.63 fold at 12 h, 3.05 fold at 24 h and 3.62 fold at 36 h in the Pacific oyster exposed tp high-temperature stress as that in the control group (15 ℃) (P<0.05). POU transcription binding sites were found at 1 197-1 207 and 1 286-1 297 bp in the promoter region of apoptosis-related genes CgBcl-2 and CgCaspase3, respectively. RNAi method was applied to inhibit the expression of CgPOU3F4L, and the mRNA expression of CgBcl-2 in CgPOU3F4L-RNAi group was shown to be increased significantly, which was 7.49-fold of that in the control group (P<0.001). Conversely, the mRNA expression level of CgCaspase3 was found to be decreased significantly, which was 0.57-fold of that in the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, the apoptosis rate of haemocytes (16.53%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (45.90%, P<0.001). It is approved that CgPOU3F4L gene regulates the apoptosis of haemocytes through the transcription regulation of CgBcl-2 and CgCaspase3 after high-temperature stress. These findings provide theoretical basis and reference for further understanding of the evolutionary characteristics of POU family and the mechanism of environmental stress response in oyster.

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Enrichment and metabolism of sulfamethazine in rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)

SUN Yiming, LIU Siyu, YONG Yanhua, LIU Yang, ZHAO Hongxia, CHEN Siyu, QU Baocheng

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(5): 766-772. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-034

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In order to evaluate the transport and transformation of antibiotics in marine fish and evaluate the ecological risk of antibiotics, the bioconcentration pattern and metabolic pathway of sulfamethazine(SMZ) were detected in rockfish Sebastes schlegelii reared in a 30 L container and exposed to 0(control group), 10, and 100 μg/L SMZ at water temperature of (20±0.5)℃ by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry quantitative analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry detection and analysis. The results showed that the maximal enrichment concentration of SMZ was observed in the fish exposed to SMZ in the third day during the whole exposure period, without significant difference between the maximum concentration of SMZ and the high and low concentrations of SMZ in fish. During the optimal enrichment period, the enrichment trend of SMZ in the fish was described as gill >muscle >liver. Metabolic analysis showed that the metabolites of SMZ in the test fish were N4-acetylated SMZ and 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine. The main metabolic pathways were SMZ acetylation addition and N-S bond cleavage linked to 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine. In conclusion, sulfonamides antibiotics can migrate to the main tissues and organs of marine fish, and the main metabolic pathways of SMZ in Sebastes schlegelii are acetylation addition and N-S bond breakage.

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Identification of the Duox gene in Exopalaemon carinicauda and preliminary study on its immune function

LIU Dexue, FAN Menghao, CHENG Weitao, CAO Yanrong, HAN Wanyu, HU Guangwei

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(1): 34-43. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-157

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Dual oxidase (Duox) is a member of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) family,which plays a crucial role in various biological processes,such as the production of reactive oxygen species,regulation of the biological clock,and the immune response.To explore the immune function of the Duox gene in Exopalaemon carinicauda,the cDNA sequence of the Duox gene was successfully cloned from E. carinicauda,and the amino acid sequence which it encoded was analyzed.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the tissue expression characteristics of gene and its expression changes infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Finally,the mortality rate of E. carinicauda infected with V. parahaemolyticus after Duox gene knockdown was analyzed by using the RNA interference technique.The result shows that the coding region sequence length of the Duox gene in E. carinicauda is 4 518 bp,encoding 1 505 amino acids,reflecting typical structural characteristics of the dual oxidase.The Duox gene is expressed in all of the E. carinicauda tissues tested,with the highest expression level in gill tissues.After infected with V. parahaemolyticus,the Duox gene expression level in gills increases significantly (P<0.05).Infection with V. parahaemolyticus after injection of siRNA reagent significantly reduces the survival rate of E. carinicauda in the RNA interference group compared with the control group (P<0.05).This study shows that the Duox gene plays a role in the immune response of E. carinicauda against pathogenic infection,and provides an favorable reference for further exploration into the immune function and mechanism of Duox in E. carinicauda.

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Effects of cold exposure on the immune indicators and gene expression of Ruditapes philippinarum

CHEN Sunan, KONG Xue, SONG Manzong, CAI Yuefeng, ZHI Ying, SHEN Xin

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(1): 12-24. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-121

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The Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum,is an economically important bivalve shellfish whose survival is affected by a variety of environmental factors,temperature being a key factor affecting its normal activities.Much attention has been given to the response of shellfish to high temperature,while fewer studies have been conducted on their response to low temperature.Considering the increasing occurrence of extreme weather,such as extreme cold,research is required on the adaptation of shellfish to low temperatures.In this study,R. philippinarum was exposed to low temperature for 60 days.Its immune indicators were systematically measured and analyzed,and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained were analyzed by using the GO/KEGG enrichment databases.A total of 8 344 and 2 674 DEGs were found in the gill tissues of R. philippinarum after 20 and 60 days of cold exposure,respectively.Enrichment analysis of these DEGs revealed that R. philippinarum has potential low temperature coping strategies in biological processes such as protein processing,substance metabolism,antioxidant,immune and anti-apoptosis.Regarding protein processing,the expression of the SAR1B,HSP20,HSP70,TRX,and SEC61G genes were up-regulated during protein processing,suggesting that R. philippinarum may maintain cellular stability at low temperatures by enhancing protein synthesis.Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a key component of cell membranes,and the up-regulated expression of PC synthesis-related genes in this study suggests that R. philippinarum may maintain cell membrane stability under cold exposure by enhancing PC synthesis.In this study,the expression of the SOD,CYP450,GST,and GPX genes were up-regulated,and the MDA content decreased when the SOD activity increased during the late stage of cold exposure,suggesting that hypothermia induces SOD to scavenge excessive ROS in the organism,thus protecting it from hypothermic injury.In addition,the immune and anti-apoptosis related genes were also significantly activated at low temperature.These results provide basic data for furtherstudy on the mechanism of low-temperature tolerance in R. philippinarum and provide theoretical support for the selection and breeding of low-temperature tolerant shellfish varieties.

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Effect of low temperature silencing and resuscitation on gene transcription and expression in sperm of Glyptocidaris crenularis

WANG Hao, WANG Yongjie, TIAN Fenglin, RUAN Shuchao, TIAN Ye, LI Shufeng, DING Beichen, DING Jun, HAN Bing

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(2): 195-203. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-244

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To explore the regulatory mechanism of sperm motility in the yellow sea urchin (Glyptocidaris crenularis) during cryopreservation and resuscitation,RNA-Seq was used to analyze the gene transcription level of sperm after cryopreservation and seawater resuscitation.The results showed that 5.92-6.99 Gb of data were obtained for every group of sea urchin by high throughput sequencing,and that 113 728 transcripts and 73 814 Unigenes were assembled.And 15 333 Unigene annotations were made to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database and classified into 290 pathways.The results of differentially expressed gene enrichment showed that low temperature treatment inhibited cell gap connection communication,oxidative phosphorylation and other pathways; and enhanced carbohydrate catabolism,pentose phosphate signaling,NADPH regeneration,glucose 6 phosphate metabolism,and other pathways after seawater resuscitation.The expression levels of differentially expressed genes Spe 8,Spe 12,CatSper2,and NKAa1,which are related to the regulation of sperm motility,were verified by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Their expression levels were significantly downregulated after low temperature silencing but significantly increased after seawater resuscitation.These results provide a theoretical basis and new clues for further research on the effects of cryopreservation and resuscitation on the regulatory mechanism of yellow sea urchin sperm.

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Expression of GDH gene and regulation mechanism of the GDH gene function by HIF-1α gene in sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius)

NING Bingyu, WANG Haolin, SUN Jingxian, ZHAO Tanjun, CHANG Yaqing, ZHAN Yaoyao

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(6): 926-937. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-057

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In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of GDH gene (glutamate dehydrogenase, GDH) expression and function regulated by the transcription factor HIF-1α gene in sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus intermedius), the promoter sequence of GDH gene and its structural characteristics were cloned and analyze by genome walking, luciferase reporter assay and RNA interference techniques and the binding site and regulatory relationship between HIF-1α gene and the promoter region of GDH gene were verified in S. intermedius. The effect of HIF-1α gene regulation on the expression of GDH gene on the energy production of coelomocytes and gonads of S. intermedius was investigated. The results showed that the total length of GDH gene promoter was found to be 1 067 bp, containing 12 promoter elements, 14 different transcription factor binding sites and 1 CpG island, with core promoter region ranging from -984 to -363 bp. There were two binding sites between HIF-1α gene and GDH gene promoter region (-683 to -649 bp; -280 to -264 bp), with a positive regulatory relationship between the two. The relative expression of GDH (mRNA and protein levels) and the activity of relative total GDH in coelomocytes and gonads were shown to be a downward trend, accompanied by a significant decrease in the relative content of ATP in S. intermedius exposed to inhibition of HIF-1α gene expression. These findings suggest that HIF-1α gene in sea urchin can affect the expression of GDH gene by positively regulating its transcriptional activity, and ultimately affect the ATP level in different tissues of the sea urchin.

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Effects of dietary Chinese herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on growth performance, serum and liver biochemical indices and liver histology of channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)

LIU Haonan, LENG Xiangjun, YOU Yuhai, LIU Jiawei, CHEN Yunfeng, LI Xiaoqin

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(5): 739-745. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-026

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In order to investigate the effects of dietary Chinese herbal medicine (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) on growth performance, antioxidant and non-specific immunity capacity of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, juvenile channel catfish with body weight of (4.68±0.02) g were reared in net cages of each 1.0 m× 1.0 m× 1.2 m and fed isonitrogen and isolipid basic diet containing 0 (control group), 5, 10 and 15 g/kg S. baicalensis for 60 days with 3 replicates per group and 30 individuals per replicate. Then the growth performance, serum non-specific immune capacity and antioxidant capacity in liver were determined, and the histological structure was observed in the liver of the channel catfish. The results showed that there were increase in final body weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate in 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg Chinese herbal medicine groups, without significant difference (P>0.05) compared with those in the control group. The food conversion ratio, however, was found to be significantly decreased by the supplementation of 10 g/kg Chinese herbal medicine (P<0.05). The supplementation of 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg Chinese herbal medicine led to significantly increase the levels of lysozyme acid phosphatase, total protein in serum and the levels of total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in liver (P<0.05), and to decrease the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total cholesterol content in serum and malondialdehyde content in liver (P<0.05), with low vacuolation rate of liver. The findings indicate that the supplementation of S. baicalensis in diets can improve the feed utilization efficiency and enhance the antioxidant activity of channel catfish, with the appropriate supplemental amount of S.baicalensis of 10 g/kg under the experimental conditions.

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Structure and expression characteristics of taurine transporter CgTauT genes in Crassostrea gigas

JIANG Chunyu, KONG Ning, SUN Shiqing, LI Xiang, LUO Cong, QIAO Xin, WANG Lingling, SONG Linsheng

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(1): 25-33. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-125

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To investigate the composition and expression characteristics of the taurine transporter (CgTauT) gene family in Crassostrea gigas,a genome-wide screening strategy was used to identify taurine transporter genes,and the qRT-PCR was used to analyse their tissue distribution pattern and to expression characteristics after taurine treatment.The results revealed that C. gigas contains four CgTauT genes,with each containing an SNF structural domain and 12 transmembrane domains.The four CgTauT genes were constitutively expressed in the various tissues of C. gigas,with CgTauT1 showing the highest expression in the adductor muscle,and CgTauT2,CgTauT3 and CgTauT4 showing the highest expression in the mantle.There were no significant correlations between the expression levels of the four CgTauT genes and the taurine contents of the tissues.Under taurine immersion treatment,the four CgTauT genes exhibited different temporal expression profiles in the mantle of C. gigas.The expression level of CgTauT1 increased after three hours of treatment.With prolonged taurine treatment,the mRNA expression level of CgTauT3 increased gradually,while that of CgTauT4 first increased and then decreased.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for further exploration of the physiological functions of CgTauTs and the molecular mechanisms underlying taurine accumulation in C. gigas.

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Effect of trpa1b knockdown on high temperature tolerance in zebrafish(Danio rerio)

GONG Xiaoting, YAN Qianqian, CHEN Liangbiao

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(6): 948-955. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-046

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To explore transient receptor potential ankyrin 1b (trpa1b) gene on zebrafish(Danio rerio) under high temperature conditions, zebrafish model with trpa1b gene deletion was constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout technology. Survival, tissue apoptosis and other related gene expression changes were investigated in Trpa1b knockout (trpa1b-/-) zebrafish and wild-type (WT) zebrafish exposed to water temperature from 28 °C to 40 °C at a warming rate of 1 °C/h per hour by histological and transcriptome methods. Zebrafish tissues of different genotypes were sampled at 40 ℃. It was found that the overall survival time of trpa1b-/-homozygotes was shorter under high temperature. TUNEL staining showed that there was significantly higher apoptosis in gill and brain of trpa1b -/- homozygotes than that in wild-type zebrafish(P<0.05). Transcriptome sequencing analysis for gill tissues of different genotypes under normal temperature (28 ℃) and high temperature (38 ℃ and 40 ℃) revealed that the expression level of hspa1b and hsp90aa1.1 in trpa1b-/- homozygotes was significantly down regulated under high temperature (P<0.001), and that the expression level of intracellular calcium ions, ubiquitin protein transferase, lysosome and ribosome related genes were changed, which impaired their viability under heat stimulation. The findings indicate that Trpa1b deletion will lead to more obvious high-temperature intolerance in zebrafish due to the fact that trpa1b gene is an important gene required to maintain high temperature tolerance in zebrafish, which provides reference for further research on the mechanism of high temperature tolerance in fish.

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Exploring low and Ultra-low temperature preservation techniques for sperm of Hemibarbus labeo in the Yalu River

LI Jianqiao, LUO Xiaonian, DUAN Youjian, LI Jiao, KANG Junlong, MO Yanfang, DONG Ruixin, XI Wenqiu

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(2): 204-215. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-223

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To preserve the genetic resources of Hemibarbus labeo in Yalu River,ten mature parent fish (♀∶♂= 4∶6) were taken from Xingda Fish Farm in Liaoyang County in May 2024.The effects of various dilution solutions,dilution ratios,cryoprotectants,and freezing and thawing protocols on sperm were assessed.Results indicated that the dilution solution L-1 (0.8 g of NaCl,0.05 g of KCl,and 0.50 g of glucose dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water) had the superior preservation efficacy for H. labeo sperm.After 4 ℃ low temperature storage for 48 h,activation rates reached 71.667%±2.887%,motility times averaged (21.667±1.528) s,and lifespans were recorded at (41.000±1.000) s.The ideal dilution ratio was 1∶5,and post-storage recovery metrics showed activation rates of 76.667%±2.887%,motility times averaging (24.000±2.000)s,and lifespans of (39.333±1.528) s after low temperature storage for 48 h with a cryoprotectant (DMSO) concentration of 10%.The optimal freezing conditions for H. labeo sperm involved exposure to nitrogen vapor approximately 3 cm above the liquid nitrogen surface for 5 min prior to thawing.This treatment resulted in high vitality levels when 24-hour preserved sperm were thawed using a water bath set to 37 ℃ for 20 s and recovery metrics showed an activation rate of 80.000%±8.667%,average motility time of (37.000±1.733)s,and lifespan of (102.333±3.215)s.Following sperm recovery from the frozen state,artificial insemination trials yielded fertilization rates and hatching success rates of 70.667%±1.154% and 72.000%±4.583%,respectively.This study establishes a comprehensive system for low temperature and ultra-low temperature preservation techniques applicable to H. labeo sperm,thereby providing foundational data essential for both germplasm resources conservation and artificial reproduction of this species.

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Comparative transcriptomics reveals key genes and underlying mechanisms of salinity-alkalinity tolerance in Gymnocypris przewalskii

YAN Qingchun, LI Changzhong, WANG Linan, YANG Ying, LI Zhaonan, LIANG Tianxiu , JIN Wenjie, CHEN Yanxia

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(2): 223-234. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-200

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To further explore the regulatory mechanism of Gymnocypris przewalskii to adapt hypersaline and hyperalkaline water environment,we screened the genes that may play important regulatory roles in its adaptation to the hypersaline and hyperalkaline water environment of Qinghai Lake.We used transcriptomics technology to sequence the liver (GECL,GPRL),kidney (GECK,GPRK),and gill (GECG,GPRG) tissues of G. przewalskii and G. eckloni using high throughput sequencing.The different tissues of the two species were screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs),which then were functionally annotated.The results showed that a total of 149.57 Gb of clean data were obtained from 18 samples,that the clean data from each sample reached >6.50 Gb,that the percentage of Q30 bases was >83.89%,and 224 010 Unigenes were totally obtained after de novo assembly.The GECG vs GPRG,GECK vs GPRK,and GECL vs GPRL comparisons yielded 9 807,6 550,and 5 651 DEGs respectively.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses showed that DEGs co-expressed in gill,kidney,and liver tissues of G. przewalskii and G. eckloni were significantly enriched in the signaling pathways of “ferroptosis”,“apoptosis”,and “glycolysis/gluconeogenesis” (P< 0.05).The DEGs annotated to these pathways included genes such as tfa,tfr1a,atf4b,and hk2,which may play important regulatory roles in the adaptation of G. przewalskii to the hypersaline and hyperalkaline water environment of Qinghai Lake.

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Prediction method of pH value in aquaculture water quality based on the integration of LSTM and XGBoost

GUO Fangyi, LIU Mingjian, WANG Gang, ZHANG Sijia, SHAN Bolin, LIU Tong

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(6): 1021-1031. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-093

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To ensure equilibrium of aquaculture ecosystem and health of aquatic animals, a pH prediction method for aquaculture water quality, designated as PCA-ES-LSTM-BSO-XGBoost (PELBX), was established. In the PELBX, principal component analysis (PCA) was firstly applied to reduce the dimensionality of water quality data, simplifying parameter complexity and enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of model training. Subsequently, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network was utilized to capture the dynamic changes in water quality parameters over time, employing early stopping to prevent overfitting and to ensure high prediction accuracy for unseen data. Moreover, the parameters of the XGBoost model in parallel were optimized by the BSO algorithm to improve the precision of pH predictions. Finally, the predictions from the LSTM and XGBoost models were weighted and combined, effectively integrating the advantages of time series analysis and nonlinear learning, significantly enhancing prediction accuracy. Experimental results showed that the PELBX model outperformed in pH prediction with a root mean square error of 0.115, mean absolute error of 0.088, mean absolute percentage error of 1.066%, and a coefficient of determination of 0.747. Compared to the best-performing PCA-LSTM-BSO-XGBoost model in ablation studies, the performance parameters above were improved by 8.73%, 8.33%, 8.26%, and 7.64% respectively; and relative to the best model in the field, BiLSTM-GRU, performances were improved by 10.16%, 1.12%, 0.56%, and 8.73% respectively. The finding demonstrates that the PELBX model significantly enhances the accuracy and stability of water pH value prediction, validating the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

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Glucose metabolism and relevant response of Gymnocypris przewalskii exposed to chronic alkalinity stress

GAO Zihan, WEI Wei, YUE Miao, LI Yixin, CUI Yanrong, XU Baoke, LI jin, WEI Fulei, LIANG Jian

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(1): 65-75. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-042

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To inquire mechanism of Gymnocypris przewalskii adaptation to alkalinity changes through glucose metabolism,G. przewalskii with body weights of 126.67 g±8.88 g were reared in an 85 cm×56 cm×62 cm tank containing either freshwater (control group) or four experimental alkalinities of 25%,50%,75% and 100%,prepared using NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 dissolved in tap water (NaHCO3∶Na2CO3 = 9∶1).The important indicators of G. przewalskii glucose metabolism were determined,including glycogen content,glucose (GLU) content,and the activities of pyruvate (PA),hexose kinase (HK),pyruvate kinase (PK),phosphoenolpyruvate (PK),phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCK),glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD),and fructose 1,6 bisphosphate aldolase (FBA).The results showed that,with increasing alkalinity,the hepatic glycogen,muscle glycogen,and GLU content in the gills and kidneys increased and then decreased,and the GLU in the muscle gradually decreased.As the alkalinity increased,PA in the gills increased and then decreased,and PA in the kidneys,liver,and muscle decreased and then increased.The activities of HK,PK,PEPCK and G6PD in the gills showed an increasing trend with increasing alkalinity,and the activities of FBA in the kidneys and liver gradually rose.A heatmap showed that glucose metabolism processes in the gills,kidneys,and liver were promoted by increasing alkalinity to some extent,while glucose metabolism in the muscle was inhibited as alkalinity increased.As alkalinity increased,fba-c was commonly expressed in the gills,kidneys,intestine,and liver,and the expression level of fba-c in the gills and kidneys increased and then decreased.The maximum expression levels were observed in the 75% alkalinity group.In conclusion,the gills,kidneys,and liver responded to alkalinity changes by increasing glucose metabolism,while muscle responded to alkalinity changes by inhibiting glucose metabolism,leading to rapid adaptation to different alkalinity levels in G. przewalskii.

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Analysis on karyotype of F1 hybrids of red seabream(Pagrus major)♂×black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)♀ and F1 self-fertilization of black porgy

ZHOU Shimiao, XU Dafeng, DU Shuran, JIA Chaofeng, MENG Qian, ZHU Fei, CHEN Shuyin

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(2): 216-222. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-212

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To analyze the chromosome karyotype changes in F1 self-fertilization of Acanthopagrus schlegelii (AS) and F1 hybrids of AS ♀× Pagrus major (PA) and to provide a basis for black porgy breeding,metaphase chromosome morphology of two sub-populations were prepared respectively by injecting phytohemagglutinin(PHA) and colchicine.The results showed that the chromosome number of both AS and PA is 2n = 48.The karyotype of AS is 2n = 4m + 4sm + 2st + 38t (NF = 56),while the karyotype of PA is 2n = 8sm + 2st + 38t (NF = 56).They have some different karyotypes and st chromosomes with distinct satellite structures.The karyotype of AS is completely consistent with that of the black porgy female parent,while the karyotype of PA is inconsistent with that of the parent species.The number of st and t type chromosomes in the karyotype of PA is the same as that of the female parent,and total number of m+sm type chromosomes is also same.This might suggest gynogenesis for PA.The study provides reference information for the genetics and breeding of F1 hybrids and F1 self-fertilized black porgy.

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Effects of ocean warming on bacterial biofilm formation and biofilm-induced larval metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus coruscus

MA Fan, TAO Yu, YANG Jinlong, LIANG Xiao

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(2): 241-249. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-205

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The goal of this study was to assess how ocean warming regulates biofilm formation and larval metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus coruscus. Pseudoalteromonas marina,a typical marine bacterium known for inducing larval metamorphosis,was selected as the test organism.The temperature gradient of 14 ℃,18 ℃,22 ℃,27 ℃,and 31 ℃ was set based on the sea surface temperature of the ocean combined with ocean warming.The characteristics of biofilms formed at different temperatures and their induction of larval metamorphosis were observed.The results showed that bacterial density,extracellular a-polysaccharide and cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate contents (c-di-GMP),and induction activity increased with increasing seawater temperature to a peak at 22 ℃,and then they decreased as temperature increased.The induction activity of biofilms was not correlated with β-polysaccharide content but was correlated with c-di-GMP content.Furthermore,the variation trends of lipopolysaccharide and colanic acid contents were consistent with the changes in biofilm induction capacity,whereas cellulose content showed an increasing trend with rising temperature.As c-di-GMP content regulates secretion of extracellular polysaccharides,temperature induced changes in its contents ultimately affect the capacity of the biofilm to induce larval metamorphosis.These results can be applied to improving the larval settlement efficiency of mollusks under ocean warming and to the sustainable development of the marine mollusk aquaculture industry.

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Numerical investigation on the stability of OWC-perforated floating breakwater

ZHENG Yanna , LI Jiafan, SHAO Xiran, MU Yingna, CHEN Changping, HAO Jian

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(5): 856-863. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-016

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To investigate the stability of an oscillating water column (OWC) perforated floating breakwater, the RAO (Response amplitude operator) for the motion of the floating breakwater was simulated using ANSYS AQWA software. The effects of several factors on breakwater stability were discussed including spacing between double-body structures of the breakwater, wave incident angle, width of OWC opening, draft depth, and length of anchor chain dragging. Results showed that the spacing change between double-body structures had little effect on mooring stability; an increase in wave incident angle led to reduce longitudinal sway motion amplitude and increase the stability; widening the OWC opening led to increased motion amplitude of the breakwater; increasing draft depth or reducing anchor chain length led to increase heave and roll direction motion amplitude while decreasing pitching direction motion and increasing natural period. The finding indicates that the mooring stability of OWC-perforated floating breakwater can be adjusted by changing the opening width, draft depth, length of anchor chain dragging, and wave direction in actual engineering.

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Transcriptomic response of the Pacific abalone(Haliotis discus hannai) to different algae diets and preliminary functional analysis of related sulfatase gene ids-1

HU Taoze, XIE Yusu, LI Chao, YAO Yibing, LIU Xiao, XU Fei

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(6): 915-925. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-063

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In order to analyze the decomposition and adaptation mechanism of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) to its ingested algae,the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the viscera mass of the Pacific abalone fed three types of algae (Laminaria japonica, Gracilaria lemaneiformis and Ulva pertusa) as well as the selected sulfatase gene ids-1, were investigated by transcriptome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, gene cloning, quantitative real-time PCR, prokaryotic expression, protein purification, and enzymatic activity analysis. The results showed that a total of 104 up-regulated and 118 down-regulated DEGs were identified when comparing the group LXC to HD. A total of 80 up-regulated genes and 93 down-regulated genes were identified in the group SC to HD, while the number of up-regulated and down-regulated genes in the group SC to LXC were 77 and 72. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) showed that the DEGs were enriched to entries mostly related to substance metabolism, especially the synthesis, catabolism, and metabolism of sulfated substances, with several sulfatase genes that showed DEGs identified at GO:0006027 (glycosaminoglycan catabolic process). Further, the sulfatase ids-1 gene was cloned and its molecular characteristics were analyzed. The open reading frame of this gene was determined to be 1 767 bp in length, encoding 588 amino acids. The deduced protein contains an N-terminal signal peptide (1-23 aa), a conserved domain of sulfatase (28-376 aa), and 9 glycosylation sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that IDS-1 from pacific abalone shared the highest homology with IDS from Haliotis refescens and Haliotis rubra. Multiple amino acid sequence alignment demonstrated that IDS-1 carries the typical core motif “CXPXR” of the sulfatase family as well as the highly conserved active sites of the IDS subfamily. However, the recombinant IDS-1 protein produced from Escherichia coli did not exhibit sulfatase activity. Furthermore, qPCR analysis showed the highest expression of ids-1 in the visceral mass of pacific abalone, followed by the gill and mantle, with comparatively lower expression in upper foot tentacles. Our study also demonstrated a developmental stage-specific expression pattern of ids-1. The expression level is low from fertilized eggs to planktonic larvae, and increases in plantigrade larvae, with the highest level in adults. Additionally, we found that the expression of ids-1 varied significantly under different algae feeding conditions, with the brown alga-fed group exhibiting notably higher expression compared to the red and green alga-fed groups, while the green alga group displayed the lowest expression level. We speculate that ids-1 may be closely related to the nutritional patterns and dietary transitions during the development of abalone, and its expression level is potentially directly affected by differences in feeding preferences and food intake. This findings provides reference for in-depth analysis of the diet adaptation regulation mechanism in Pacific abalone.

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Research progress on typical red tide organism Noctiluca scintillans:a review

CHEN Yifan, WANG Junyue, WANG Yinghao, LI Qiuping, HE Senhao, SHEN Xin, JI Nanjing

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(6): 1075. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-045

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In this review, the research progress on Noctiluca scintillans was summarized, including basic biology, ecology, and red tide governance. Furthermore, future researches were proposed focusing on feeding, reproduction, physiology, biochemistry, and early warning and control of N. scintillans considering the challenges present in the current research on this species, aiming to offer theoretical perspectives on the mechanisms involved in bloom formation and prevention of red tides caused by N.scintillans.

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Screening and identification of a highly efficient denitrifying functional bacterium XYB4 and its effects on the growth and intestinal flora of Litopenaeus vannamei and water quality

WU Jiaqi, ZHOU Jianing, XUE Yuan, WANG Furui, ZHU Miao, SUN Chengbo

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(1): 86-94. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-126

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To develop highly efficient and economic denitrifying technology for an aquaculutre system,the experiment isolated a highly efficient denitrifying bacterium from a biofloc in shrimp culture pond ( named as XYB4) by morphological screening,physiological and biochemical identification,molecular biological assay,safety evaluation test,and denitrifying effect under the influence of different physical and chemical factors.The result shows that the XYB4 strain is a gram-positive bacillus.16S rDNA sequence result shows that it is Bacillus subtilis.The safety evaluation test shows that XYB4 is not lethal to Litopenaeus vannamei,without hemolysis,and is sensitive to 14 types of antibiotics.The best conditions for denitrification by the XYB4 strain are as follows:salinity 30,temperature 30 ℃,pH 7.5,and C/N 10-15.A mixture of XYB4 with feed (B7),splashed into an aquaculture pond (P7),significantly reduced the concentrations of

and

in the cultured water (P<0.05),and significantly increased the growth rate and specific growth rate of L. vannamei by 16.32%,17.52%,and 40.18%.and 40.06%,respectively.There was no significant difference in survival rate among the three groups (P>0.05).The richness of the L. vannamei intestinal flora and the water flora is significantly increased in the experimental group (P<0.05).The addition of the XYB4 strain inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria,such as Photobacterium and Tenacibaculum,and promoted the growth of beneficial nitrifying bacteria,such as Nitrospirae.In conclusion,the application of XYB4 can effectively reduce the concentrations of

and

in aquaculture water,promote the growth of L. vannamei,improve the richness of the microflora communities in the water and L. vannamei intestines,and inhibit the growth of some harmful microbial populations.The XYB4 has a high application value in aquaculture production.

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Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis process conditions for Eriocheir sinensis processing by-products and its umami characteristics of enzymatic hydrolysate

GENG Xinghua, ZHANG Jiahui, LIU Taiang, SHI Yuyao, WANG Xichang

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(2): 250-262. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-186

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To utilize efficiently processing byproducts of Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis),we used the byproducts as raw materials,optimized enzymatic hydrolysis conditions via response surface methodology,and investigated the umami characteristics of the hydrolysate.The enzyme for the experiment was determined based on sensory evaluation,degree of hydrolysis (DH),and protein utilization rate.Using DH as the evaluation index,the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were established via response surface methodology,and the umami-enhancing effect of the hydrolysate under these conditions was assessed.The results showed that the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were:hydrolysis time of 4 h,enzyme dosage of 1 609 U/g substrate,temperature of 46 ℃,and pH 6.0.Under these conditions,the DH reached 20.47%.The content of umami amino acids and flavor nucleotides in the hydrolysate increased by 33.83 mg/100 g and 18.33 mg/100 g,respectively,compared to pre-hydrolysis.Electronic tongue analysis confirmed a significant increase in umami intensity (P< 0.05) after hydrolysis,and sensory evaluation indicated a pronounced umami flavor,with results consistent with the electronic tongue data.These results demonstrate that enzymatic hydrolysis significantly enhances the overall umami taste of crab processing byproducts,making them suitable for developing unique umami-rich seasoning bases with distinct crab flavor.

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Effects of integrated aquaculture of bivalves and limpet Neptunea cumingii on predation, growth and survival of cultured organisms

HE Jiabei, ZHAO Xiaowei, YANG Lufei, JI Shenglei, ZHAO Yunxing, ZHAO Qiang

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(5): 788-796. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-268

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To improve the aquaculture benefits of shallow sea bivalves aquaculture industry in northern China, limpet (Neptunea cumingii) was polycultured with blood clam (Scapharca broughtonii), zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri), bay scallop (Argopecten irradians), Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) with different sizes and limpet, blood clam, zhikong scallop, and bay scallop were monocultyred in abalone cages disposed in an outdoor pond at Muping county in Yantai, Shandong province, at water temperature from 4.8 °C to 17.4 °C and salinity from 30 to 31 from October to November to evaluate the effects of limpet predation on the bivalves and growth of the culture animals in the integrated aquaculture of limpet with bivalves. Meanwhile, the food item composition was analyzed in the stomach of limpet under natural conditions based on DNA barcode technology. The results showed that the limpet had very low predation rates of (0.00%-2.50%±5.78%) on bivalves with different sizes, with significant difference in predation rates on the same species of large and small bivalves. Only prey on bay scallop at polyculture of multiple species of bivalves was observed in high-density and low-density limpet groups, with very low predation rates of 2.50%±6.83% and 0.63%±2.50%, respectively, and without significant difference in predation rates compared to other bivalves in the same group. The predation rate of the limpet on bivalves was found to be relatively high (4.64%±10.36%) at low temperature, with significant difference compared to high temperature. The limpet had no death, and had weight gain rate ranging from 16.83%±2.76% to 22.85%±5.34% in the integrated aquaculture, without significant difference in weight gain rate in different modes. The limpet and bivalves had weight gain rates of 19.28%±0.62% in high density integrated modes and18.37%±1.79% in low density integrated modes, without significant difference between the two groups. There was 21.12%±14.12% of weight gain rate in the feeding group, without significant difference between the feeding group and unfeeding group(18.73%±3.63%) and without significant difference in wet quality and survival rate in the same bivalve species between the integrated aquaculture mode and the individual aquaculture mode. In natural conditions, the limpet had complex food items, including 14 classes from multiple sources, including Mammals, Embryophytes, Actinopterygii, and Saccharomycetes, indicating that the bivalve vitality was the most important selection condition for limpet to predate in the integrated aquaculture mode. The size and species of bivalves had lower priority for limpet to predate, which provides ecological disease prevention capabilities for this mode. The integrated aquaculture mode was not shown to be significant impact on the growth and survival of limpet and bivalves, the limpet growing rapidly in this mode and showing the potential to become the main breeding animal. The main energy sources for the growth of limpet may be derived from marine sediments and attached organisms under the condition of feeding on bivalves. The integrated aquaculture mode is conducive to the sustainable and healthy development of bivalve aquaculture industry in shallow sea in northern China, with the value of demonstration and promotion.

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Effects of environmental enrichment on growth and personality of juvenile rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii)

WEI Tao, LI Jinyao, JIA Biao, HAN Yanke, TIAN Tao, YU Xiaoming

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(5): 797-803. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-009

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To investigate the influence of environmental enrichment on the growth and personalities of juvenile rockfish Sebastes schlegelii, the growth performance (weight gain rate, and specific growth rate) and personal behavior traits (bravery, exploration, activeness, and aggressiveness) were investigated in the test fish with body weight of (7.25±1.89) g injected intraperitioneally with a passive integrated transponder (PIT) disposed in two plastics tanks of each 100 cm in length ×90 cm in width× 70 cm in height (environmental enrichment group, EE) and without (control group, C) irregularly shaped black reef of 50 cm diameter at water temperature of (14.26±0.12) ℃ for 8 weeks. The results showed that there was no significant difference in weight gain rate and specific growth rate in the test fish between the EE and C groups, with significantly lower attack frequency in the EE group (44.44±9.30) than that in the C group (166.11±55.92) (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the open area residence time ratio of the test fish was found to be positively correlated with the number of times they swam out of the sheltered area (P<0.05). The time ratio of first approach to unfamiliar objects was shown to be negatively correlated with the time ratio of staying in open areas and the number of times swimming out of sheltered areas (P<0.05), while it was positively correlated with the average distance from unfamiliar organisms (P<0.05). It was found that there was significant reduce in the aggressiveness of the test fish in C group, without significant effect of environmental enrichment on the growth performance, bravery, exploratory ability, and activity of juvenile Sebastes schlegelii in C group. The test fish had positive correlation with bravery and exploratory nature, and did not have correlation with activity and aggressiveness, without correlation between the growth performance and individual behavior indicators in the test fish.

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Study on the response of polian vesicle to Vibrio splendidus invasion in Apostichopus japonicus

JIA Ziqiang, LI Qiang, REN Yuan, WU Jiong, WANG Yinan

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(2): 235-240. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-198

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To investigate the response of polian vesicles to pathogenic bacteria invasion in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus,we injected Vibrio splendidus,the pathogen responsible for “skin ulcer syndrome”,into the coelom of A. japonicus via the body wall,and studied the morphological and tissue structural changes of polian vesicles,and proliferation rate of cells in polian vesicles’ wall and cavity.The results showed that the morphology and tissue structure of polian vesicles changed significantly after invaded by V. splendidus.During the 2 h to 12 h after injection of Vibrio splendidus,polian vesicles expanded and elongated gradually,the number of dark-stained cells in the polian vesicles’ wall first decreased,then increased,but decreased,then increased again,and their proliferation was most active within 6 h to 12 h after injection.The 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) positive rate of cells in the cavity of polian vesicles was 10.39%,11.20% and 11.61%,respectively,at 4 h,6 h,and 12 h after injection,whereas it was 7.22%,6.24%,and 6.61%,respectively,in the control group.These results indicated that polian vesicles responded to V. splendidus invasion by accelerating cell proliferation in the cyst wall and cavity,even if the bacteria could not enter the vesicles.

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Research progress and prospect of solid waste transport performance in recirculating aquaculture system:a review

ZHAO Chenxu, WU Gang, SUN Wei, HU Wei, REN Xiaozhong, ZHANG Jun, WANG Xian

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(1): 174. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-161

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Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are widely acknowledged as pivotal in developing future improved aquaculture practices because of their ability to rear a large number of aquatic organisms in a small space,conserve resources,and maintain environmental sustainability.Nevertheless,the buildup of solid waste in RAS presents a danger to the health of aquaculture species and has detrimental impacts on the functioning and productivity of a system.Efficient management and disposal of solid waste in RAS is crucial for maintaining optimum system operation.This study examines the categorization,origins,and potential consequences of solid waste in the RAS,and also explores methods to enhance waste transportation efficiency.Significant improvements in solid waste removal efficiency can be achieved by optimizing the design of aquaculture tanks,upgrading intake and drainage structures,modifying tank bottom gradients,utilizing diversion devices,and enhancing feed quality.These improvements will guarantee the consistent and effective functioning of a RAS.

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Study on the expression pattern of Cathepsin B in Yesso scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) infected with Polydora

HANG Yunna, SUN Hongyan, TANG Anqi, MAO Junxia, TIAN Ying, WANG Xubo, HAO Zhenlin, DING Jun, CHANG Yaqing

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(1): 55-64. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-110

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Cathepsin B (CatB) is a lysosomal cysteine protease with important immune functions.To investigate the molecular function of CatB in Yesso scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) infected by Polydora,genomic identification,sequence characterization,and gene expression analyses of the CatB gene were conducted in P. yessoensis (PyCatB),and the changes of PyCatB enzyme activity and gene expression pettern were analyzed.The results showed that the full length of the PyCatB gene was 9 267 bp with nine exons and eight introns.The cDNA length of PyCatB was 1 219 bp,with a 5′UTR of 103 bp and a 3′UTR of 99 bp,and an open reading frame length of 1 017 bp,encoding 338 amino acids.PyCatB was predicted to contain three conserved functional domains; the N-terminal signal peptide; Propeptide C1; and peptidase C1A cathepsin B.Additionally,it also had a catalytic triplet structure (Cys116,His284,Asn304),a Gln110 oxygen anion pore,a GCNGG motif,and a characteristic occluding loop formed by C194/C205 fixed residue fragments,which played important roles in the catalytic activity of PyCatB.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the evolutionary status of CatB was consistent with the species taxonomy.Enzyme activity analysis showed that the enzyme activity of CatB in the mantle tissue of P. yessoensis infected with Polydora was significantly higher than that in healthy scallops.Gene expression analysis showed that PyCatB was expressed at different levels in the various tissues of healthy adult scallops except for the adductor muscle,indicating that PyCatB was involved in a wide range of physiological processes.The expression levels of PyCatB in different mantle regions of infected scallops were all significantly higher than those in healthy scallops,but there was no significant difference between the hemocytes of healthy and infected scallops.It was speculated that PyCatB probably acted mainly through the mantle tissue to participate in the immune response processes of P. yessoensis to resist Polydora infection.This study provides a reference for analyses of the mechanism whereby P. yessoensis resists Polydora infection and lays an important theoretical foundation for Polydora infection control in molluscs.

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Diurnal variation of shell opening and closing frequency and heart rate of the mussel Hyriopsis cumingii and the responses of these parameters to feeding and immune stress

CHEN Yang, LÜ Xuefeng, LU Tingting, WANG Zhiyan, FU Baicheng, YUAN Yiping, BAI Zhiyi

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(2): 263-270. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-173

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To explore the feasibility of using the frequency of shell opening and closing in the mussel Hyriopsis cumingii as an indicator of organism health,we evaluated the diurnal variation of the frequency of this behavior and the heart rate of H. cumingii.We then compared the response characteristics of shell opening and closing frequency and heart rate to feeding and immune stress in the same population under normal culture conditions.The results showed that the opening and closing frequency and heart rate of H. cumingii at night were higher than those in the day,but the difference was not significant (P>0.05).The values at 1 h after feeding were significantly higher than those before feeding (P<0.05) and the heart rate amplitude increased,indicating that the shell opening and closing frequency responded to feeding behavior.The shell opening and closing frequency reached the highest value of 18.75 times/h after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila,which was 1.52 times higher than the frequency before infection (P<0.05),but by 15 h it had decreased to 31.29% of the shell opening and closing frequency before infection.At 5 h after infection,the heart rate was significantly higher than the normal level and reached a peak of 14.65 beats per minute,which was 1.25 times higher than the initial heart rate (P<0.05),and then it slowly decreased and returned to the normal level after 12 h.These results indicate that shell opening and closing and heart rate responded to bacterial infection and that the response of shell movement frequency was stronger than that of heart rate.Under normal culture conditions,shell opening and closing frequency varied within the same population,and individuals could be divided into high,medium,or low frequency.The expression of four immune-related enzymes was highest in the hepatopancreas.Expression of superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in the high frequency group compared to the low frequency group.The activities of alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase,and catalase in the high frequency group were significantly higher than those in the medium and low frequency groups (P<0.05).In summary,shell opening and closing frequency is more sensitive to environmental changes than heart rate,and the activities of the measured immune-related enzymes are higher in specimens that exhibit high shell opening and closing frequency.These results suggest that the frequency of shell opening and closing can be used as a health indicator for H. cumingii,which will be of great significance for promoting healthy shellfish culture.

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An experimental study of an in situ labeling technique for Mactra veneriformis

GAO Jin, XIE Xi, BAI Yongan, PANG Jinchi, LIU Xiangfeng, TENG Weiming, WANG Qingzhi

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(1): 44-54. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-096

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The use of calcein as an in situ labeling tool for Mactra veneriformis was examined.The optimal labeling concentration and immersion time were explored by using indicators such as the individual survival rate,the success rate of fluorescence labeling,the rate of wel-labeled individuals,and the antioxidant enzyme activity in the digestive glands and lipid markers in the soft tissues.An one-month in situ labeling experiment was conducted in Geligang in the Liaodong Bay,based on the most suitable labeling conditions.The result shows that two labeling schemes,0,25,50,75 mg/L calcein immersion for 1.5 hours and 0.50 mg/L calcein immersion for 0.5 and 1.5 hours,had no significant negative impacts on M. veneriformis.Except for the well-labeled rate of 54.90%±8.99% for the 25 mg/L calcein immersion for 1.5 hours group,the success rate and well-labeled rate of all other treatment groups were 100%.This indicates that calcein has the ability to mass-label M. veneriformis in a short period of time.The treatment involving immersion in 50-75 mg/L calcein for 0.5 to 2 hours could serve as a method for in situ labeling of M. veneriformis in intertidal flats.The results of the in situ labeling experiment indicate that immersion in 75 mg/L calcein for 2 hours produces the best results,with an average recapture rate of 10.00%±3.33% after one month,a success rate of 36.11%±12.73%,and a well-labeled rate of 100%.These results provide scientific references for the development of in situ labeling techniques for intertidal shellfish and the conservation of native high-quality clam resources.

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A formation control method for multiple underwater robots to assess living resources in the marine ranch

JIN Zhaoyi, SONG Jinghan, YU Yifan, WANG Xin, LU Chun, YANG Zhiqing, LI Zhijun, LIN Yuanshan

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(2): 318-329. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-135

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Most existing formation control methods for underwater robots rely on precise multi-underwater robot kinematics or dynamics models.As an alternative,we propose a multi-underwater robot formation control method based on the multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient.In this model,N underwater robots are divided into one leader and N-1 followers,and a Markov decision process model based on the leader-follower architecture is established to model the formation control of the multi-underwater robots.Next,each robot’s own position and velocity information along with its position information relative to the other robots are used as observations,and their actions are represented by the forces acting on the robots.Finally,a reward function is constructed based on the distance between the leader and the target position,the distance between the followers and the leader,and the distances between the followers,which balances both individual and system-level rewards.Application of this model showed that the multi-underwater robot formation control strategy can generate cooperative motion patterns similar to those of biological swarming and outperform other deep reinforcement learning algorithms in terms of formation stability and path optimization.This strategy does not require precise kinematic or dynamic modeling,and it exhibits flexible behavior,strong distributed execution capability,and good generalization ability.It is an effective multi-underwater robot formation control method that can provide new technical support for stock assessment in the marine ranch.

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Analysis of collision accidents between commercial vessels and fishing vessels in China based on FTA-BN

WANG Yu, WANG Yongkai, REN Yuqing, ZHU Enbo, DENG Weilin

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(5): 864-873. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-142

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Addressing the frequent occurrence of collisions between commercial vessels and fishing vessels in China, an in-depth analysis was conducted on 189 typical collision accident investigation reports publicly released on the official website of the China Maritime Safety Administration over the past ten years. From these reports, 25 risk factors were extracted, and the Pareto chart method was applied to identify the primary faults of both parties involved in the accidents. An accident tree model was constructed and successfully transformed into a Bayesian network model based on these risk factors. Seven major risk factors and the primary cause-and-effect chains leading to collisions between commercial vessels and fishing vessels were revealed by comparing the prior and posterior probabilities of the model through reasoning, indicating that human factors including improper lookout and lack of safety awareness played a significant role, thus are the crucial aspects in preventing collisions between commercial vessels and fishing vessels. The primary cause-and-effect chain leading to such collisions described as improper lookout→navigation error→ship handling error. The findings can serve as a basis for decision-making in preventing collisions between commercial vessels and fishing vessels, which have practical value in ensuring maritime traffic safety and promoting sustainable and healthy development of ocean fisheries.

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Evaluation of the genetic diversity and genetic structure of five populations of snakehead (Channa argus) using SLAF-seq

ZHANG Jin, LIU Haiyang, CUI Tongxin, OU Mi, LUO Qing, FEI Shuzhan, CHEN Kunci, ZHAO Jian

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(6): 968-976. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-071

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In order to probe into the genetic structure and genetic diversity of local populations of snakehead (Channa argus), the population genetic structure and genetic diversity were analyzed in five populations of snakehead collected from Fuyuan (HLJ) in Heilongjiang province, Neijiang (NJH and NJB) in Sichuan Province, Weishan Lake (SD) in Shandong province, and Huzhou (ZJ) in Zhejiang Province from April 2017 to September 2018. A total of 1 987 293 population SNP markers were detected, with an average sequencing depth of 16.33 x, and average Q20 content of 99.17% and average GC content of 41.19%. It was found that the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was ranged from 0.078 to 0.134, the expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.094 to 0.183, the content of polymorphic information from 0.156 to 0.250, the inbreeding coefficient (FIS) from 0.288 to 0.579, and the nucleotide polymorphisms (π) from 2.96×10-6 to 5.73×10-6 in the genetic diversity of the five populations. The genetic differentiation and genetic structure analyses revealed that the gene flow (Nm) among the populations was ranged from 0.503 to 0.856, less than 1. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst) among the populations was found to be from 0.042 to 0.247. Phylogenetic tree showed that the populations of HLJ, SD, and ZJ were clustered into a single unit, and that NJH and NJB were clustered into a single unit. The five populations were classified into four subpopulations, except for ZJ population, with gene exchange from ancestral subpopulations in other regional groups. The identification and genotyping of the genetic diversity of the snakehead populations were realized at a low cost by SLAF-seq technology, with lower Ho than the He in all populations, and certain degree of inbreeding in the populations. There were low heterozygosity, polymorphic information content and nucleotide polymorphisms in the five populations, indicating a low level of genetic diversity, and the differences in nucleotide polymorphisms among the small populations. There were different genetic differentiation levels in the five populations, with NJH and NJB at a low level of genetic differentiation, and medium or high level of genetic differentiation in the rest of populations, forming a more obvious and distinctive pattern. The five C.argus populations had different levels of genetic differentiation.

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Transcriptome analysis of Yesso scallop(Mizuhopecten yessoensis) exposed to high hydrostatic pressure stress

FAN Chenge, WANG Xubo, MAO Junxia, TIAN Ying, HAO Zhenlin, SONG Jian, YIN Donghong, CHANG Yaqing

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(5): 781-787. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-015

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To investigate the biological response mechanisms of the Yesso scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) under static hydraulic pressure stress, the transcriptomes of the adductor muscle, gills, and mantle were analyzed in the Yesso scallops with shell length of (75.64 mm±2.15 mm) in a FH-100M manual hydrostatic press with a volume of 2 L at a high pressure of 25 MPa (equivalent to 2 500 m water depth) by transcriptome sequencing technology. The results showed that 130 upregulated genes and 150 downregulated genes were identified in the adductor muscle, 314 upregulated genes and 390 downregulated genes in the gills, and 314 upregulated genes and 390 downregulated genes in the mantle by transcriptome screening. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the annotated differentially expressed genes were found to be primarily associated with activities related to cysteine-type endopeptidase and inhibitor activities involved in apoptosis, organellar membranes, and innate immune response. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were involved in antigen processing and presentation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, and the MAPK signaling pathway. It was found that the differentially expressed genes in the Yesso scallop exposed to static hydraulic pressure stress were primarily enriched in pathways related to signal transduction and immunity. The findings provide valuable data and references for subsequent research.

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Fish biodiversity survey and assessment in the Estuary of Liaohe River with the environmental DNA metabarcoding technology and bottom trawl sampling method

WANG Xiaolin, YAN Long, JI Guang, DONG Jing, XU Yanzhao, WANG Aiyong, LIU Xiuze, WANG Bin, KONG Yefu

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(2): 298-307. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-105

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To evaluate fish diversity in the Liaohe Estuary and adjacent sea at autumn and to explore the applicability of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding in monitoring fish diversity,both seawater samples for eDNA and fish samples by bottom trawl survey were taken at ten survey stations in the Liaohe Estuary and adjacent sea in October 2023.High throughput sequencing and biological analysis were conducted separately.In total,37 fish species were detected in the eDNA sample ASV annotation results,2 of which were identified only at the genus level,and 16 fish species were identified in the fish samples by bottom trawl survey.13 fish species were totally identified by these two methods.The number of fish species detected by the eDNA metabarcoding technology was 2.3 times more than that by the bottom trawl survey.The differences in alpha diversity indices among the different stations based on the eDNA detection data were not significant.Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first two principal components could explain 57.04% of differences in fish communities (PC1 43.04%,PC2 14.0%),and there was little difference in fish community composition among sampling stations.Pearson correlation analysis showed a high correlation between the relative abundance of eDNA and relative catch (biomass,number of individuals) of bottom trawl surveys,with r values of 0.921 and 0.888,respectively,and the correlation was highly significant (P< 0.01).Redundancy analysis(RDA) results showed that there was no significant correlation between various water environmental factors (temperature,salinity,pH,DO,water depth) and fish community structure (P> 0.05).In summary,the eDNA technology had higher species detection efficiency than bottom trawl survey method,and there was a significant correlation between the relative abundance of the eDNA and the relative catch,indicating that the eDNA technology can be effectively applied to monitor and evaluate fish diversity in the Liaohe Estuary and its adjacent waters.

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Application of computer vision to recognize fish behavior

GUO Jianjun, CHEN Jiexin, LIN Lijun, KONG Yiyou, YE Junwei, XU Xin

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2025, 40(2): 351. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-210

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Understanding fish behavior is beneficial to both aquaculture management and farmers.In recent years,the application of computer vision has developed rapidly in the field of fish recognition,and it provides a non-contact machine detection method for recognizing fish behavior.This technology integrates advanced technologies in many fields,such as image processing and machine learning.Through frame analysis and processing of captured fish behavior videos,key frame image information is extracted to realize automatic recognition and quantitative analysis of fish behavior patterns.Results of this study can provide guidance and inspiration for future research and promote the further application and development of computer vision technology in fish behavior research.

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Toxic effects of tetrabromodiphenyl ether on gills of marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae) exposed to chronic stress

CUI Dandan, SUN Pengfei, GOU Yafeng, CAO Shengnan, HAN Jian, GU Zhizhi, WANG Wei

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(5): 746-753. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-035

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In order to investigate the toxic chronic effects of tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on juvenile marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae), the juvenile marbled flounder with body weight of 1.31 g±0.03 g were kept in a culture tank containing 40 L of water and exposed to blank control (CK), solvent control group (DMSO), 0.25 (LC), 0.5 (MC), and 2.0 mg/L BDE-47 (HC) at water temperature of (18.4 ±0.85) ℃ by semi-static water contact exposure method, and the morphological changes of gill tissue were histologically observed in the juvenile marbled flounder exposed to BDE-47 stress. The molecular mechanism of gill tissue under BDE-47 stress was analyzed by miRNA sequencing and mRNA sequencing. The results showed that swelling, shedding and hyperplasia repair, and significant increase in mucus cells were observed in the epithelial cells of gill lamellae of the marbled flounder exposed to BDE-47 stress, more severe with the elevated BDE-47 concentration. Transcriptome data showed that changes in the expression of ErbB signaling pathway genes caused the proliferation and repair of gill lamellae epithelial cells. miRNA sequencing analysis revealed that the shedding of gill lamellae epithelial cells caused by BDE-47 exposure was involved in MAPK and Ras signaling pathways. The lipoic acid metabolism pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were primarily in the combined analysis of mRNA and miRNA, speculating that miRNAs in gill tissue affected the toxic effect of BDE-47 on the gills of marbled flounder in water by regulating the stability and translation of lipoic acid metabolism and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway gene mRNA. The findings indicate that chronic stress with different concentrations of BDE-47 can cause different degrees of damage to the gill tissue structure of marbled flounder.

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Function of CgNacreinL1 in regulation of shell formation in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

YU Haijie, GAO Lei, LIU Qian, HE Qianqian, WANG Lingling, SONG Linsheng

Journal of Dalian Fisheries University. 2024, 39(6): 938-947. https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-076

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To characterize the regulatory function of CgNacreinL1 in shell formation of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), CgNacreinL1 was cloned, featured in structure characteristics and expressed in mantle, gills, blood lymphocytes, adductor muscles, gonads, labial flaps, and hepatopancreas of Pacific oyster with shell length of 13 cm±1 cm exposed to normal aerated seawater (blank group), and injected with 100 μL of siRNA-NC (negative group) and 100 μLsiRNA-CgNacreinL1(CgNacreinL1 group) twice. The expression characteristics of CgNacreinL1 were explored in Pacific oyster exposed to normal aerated seawater with pH of 8.10 ± 0.05 (control group), and 7.80 ± 0.05 (acidification stress group, prepared by mixture of air and CO2) and regulatory role of CgNacreinL1 in CaCO3 deposition was verified in Pacific oyster. It was found that CgNacreinL1 contained one conserved carbonic anhydrase (CA) domain and a region of acidic amino acid residues, with significantly higher expression levels in the adductor muscle (21.24-fold) and mantle (11.54-fold) (P<0.05) than that in the gonad. The maximal expression level was observed in the outer fold of the mantle, which was as high as 54.95-fold and 40.49-fold of that in the inner fold and middle fold, respectively (P<0.05). After incubating with CgNacreinL1 protein, the average rate of pH decrease was significantly lower in the NaHCO3-CaCl2 composite solution (0.005/min) than that in the control group (0.01/min). After the mRNA expression of CgNacreinL1 was interfered by RNAi, the prismatic layer structure of the Pacific oyster shell became more tightly arranged, with significantly fewer surface pores and cavities. During the 28-day acidification stress test, the mRNA expression level of CgNacreinL1 was shown to be initially decreased and then increased across all parts of the mantle. Overall,CgNacreinL1 was involved in shell formation by inhibiting CaCO3 deposition, with different response patterns in the early and late stages of acidification stress. The findings contribute to comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanism of CgNacreinL1 in shell formation.

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