The effects of fourweaning foods including soybeanmilk,egg yolk,fairy shrimp and rotifers enriched by green alga Chlorella vulgaris on growth performance and body composition of larval bulatmai barbel Barbus capito were investigated in order to explore the optimalweaning food of bulatmaibarbel larvae.The results showed that the fish had increase in body weight and body length since 14 days post hatching(DPH)with the best growth in the fish fed rotiferswhich showed higher survival rate,bodyweight,and body length than those in the fish fed the other foods on 14 DPH,19 DPH and 24 DPH.There were 16.45％of protein and 8.79％of fat in the fish fed rotifers. The fish fed fairy shrimp had body weightof1545.2mg,body length of22.509mm and survival rate of88.7％on 24 DPH,significantly higher than those in the fish fed egg yolk and soybean milk.The larvae had good growth by 14 DPH,and seldom grew later when they fed egg yolk.Theminimal growth and survival rates were found in the fish fed soybeanmilk.The findings indicated that rotifers enriched by Chlorella vulgaris wasmost suitable as aweaning food,and that the key point for initial feedingwas of14 DPH in bulatmaibarbell larvae,egg yolk being used as a supplement food before 14 DPH.

Effects of different levels of sodium citrate, EDTA - Na2, HEPES, and sodium oxalate on anticoag-ulation of coelomocytes were studied in sea cumcumber Stichopus japonicus. The results showed that the coelomocytes were morphologically kept activity at 1.0 - 1.5 mg/mL EDTA - Na2, 3.8 mg/mL sodium citrate, 0.2 - 0.6 mg/mL HEPES, and 1.0 - 1.5 mg/mL sodium oxalate, EDTA - Na2 being the best anticoagulant.

The paper introduces the researching results of shellfish aquaculture and purification in Jinbei Square. Several tests has been done such as aquaculture density, circulating water volume, aerating pattern, water temperature and oxygen consumption, oxygenation capacity, circulating water quality, death of halting electricity etc. The results indicate that it is suitable for the aquaculture density to be less than 0.3 kg/L, aerating oxygenation patterns to be aerating outside the tanks, aquaculture temperature to be 6℃, shellfish＇s activity to be normal when dissolved oxygen is over 3.7 mg/L, the circulating frequency to be more than 3 per day, and halting electricity to be less than 3 h.

Juvenile Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedti with initial body weight of 29.70 g±1.32 g were reared in nine square concrete ponds(4.4 m×4.4 m×0.6 m)at stocking density of 2.5 kg/m3(80 ind./m2) (SD1),3.6 kg/m3(115 ind./m2)(SD2),and 4.7 kg/m3(150 ind./m2)(SD3)for 90 days with triplication to investigate the influence of stocking density on hormone,physiological and biochemical components of the juvenile. Cortisol levels were shown to be elevated in the Russian sturgeon reared for 50 d in the experimental groups,significantly higher in the fish reared for 90 d in group SD3 than in SD1 group and SD2 group(P＜0.05).The hemoglobin content was found to be significantly and positively correlated with the stocking density(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in leukocyte contents at different stocking densities of Russian sturgeon(P＜0.05),significantly higher white blood cell count in the juvenile Russian sturgeon in group SD3 than those in group SD1 and group SD2(P＜0.05),indicating that the long-term high-density culture of the Russian sturgeon led to physical and pathological damage of the fish by the end of the experiment.The Russian sturgeon juveniles showed a tendency of blood-sugar levels upgrade first then descending,significantly lower in group SD1 than in group SD3 and group SD2(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in levels of total cholesterol and total protein(P＞0.05).At the end of the experiment,the juveniles had significantly higher blood triglyceride content in group SD3 than the juveniles in group SD1 did(P＜0.05),without significant difference between group SD1 and SD2.The findings indicate that the order of energy utilization in Russian sturgeon was expressed as blood sugar＞serum protein＞blood lipid.

A total of 360 individuals of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala with body weight of(13.5± 0.5)g was randomly stocked into a tank with a stocking density of 30 fish and fed diets containing fructo-oligosaccharide(FOS)at a dose of 0,0.4%and 0.8%with four replication for 8 weeks and then activities of immune enzymes and antioxidant capability were detected in serum of 24 fish per tank exposed to 34℃by a colorimetry and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in order to explore effects of FOS on immune response and antioxidant capability of blunt snout bream under heat stress.The results showed that there were no significant differences in activities of glutamic oxalo acetic transaminase(GOT)and alkline phosphatase(AKP)among all groups in the fish without thermal stress(P＞0.05).Meanwhile,there were significantly lower activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)in the fish fed the diets containing FOS than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The blunt snout bream fed the diet containing 0.4%of FOS group had significantly lower GPT activity(P＜0.05)than the animals fed the diet containing 0.8%of FOS,without significant difference between in 0.8%FOS group and the control group in 24 h(P＞0.05).The fish fed the diet containing 0.4%of FOS exposed to 34℃for 12 h showed significantly higher AKP activity than the fish in the other groups did(P＜0.05).There were significantly higher complement 3(C3)and complement 4(C4)in 0.4%FOS than that in the control without thermal stress(P＜0.05)and with 3 h and 6 h thermal stress,without significant difference between the control and the 0.8%FOS group(P＞0.05).There were increase in activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and total antioxidant enzyme(T-AOC) among all groups with thermal stress,without significant difference(P＞0.05).The activities of catalase(CAT) and T-AOC were shown to be significantly higher first in fish fed the diet containing 0.4%of FOS than those in the control group(P＜0.05),the maximum in 6 h thermal exposure,significantly higher T-AOC activity in 0.4%FOS group compared to that in the control group at 3 h and 6 h thermal exposure(P＜0.05).The malondialdehyde (MDA)contents were increased first and then decreased with thermal stress,significantly lower in 0.4%FOS group than that of the control group in 0 h and 48 h thermal exposure(P＜0.05).In addition,there was no significant interaction between the FOS levels and the sampling time(P＞0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation of 0.4%FOS may effectively relieve the adverse effects of heat stress on blunt snout bream.

Effects of water temperature(8,18 and 28℃)and salinity of 10,20,and 30 on Shewanella loihica ECSMB14101 biofilms and subsequent effect on settlement of plantigrades of mussel Mytilus coruscus with shell length of(1.81±0.13)mm were studied.The confocal laser scanning microscopy technique was used to investigate the characteristics of biofilms including biofilm thickness and the distribution of bacteria in biofilms.The results showed that the final density and thickness of the ECSMB14101 biofilm were increased with increase in temperature and salinity,with the maximal thickness of(4.4±0.1)μm at a salinity of 30 and at temperature of 28℃. The settlement inducing activities of the biofilms were different under different conditions of temperatures and salinities.The amount of bacteria in the biofilm was found to be increased with the increasing temperature,and the mussel had settlement rate of 31%at 8℃and 68%at 18℃,with significant difference(P＜0.05).In contrast, there was no significant difference in inducing activity at 18℃and 28℃(P＞0.05).The findings explored the interplay between environmental factors,biofilm formation,and settlement of mussel plantigrades.

Koi carp Cyprinus carpio with initial body weight of(195.88±0.98)g was fed three kinds of diets,Japanese commercial diet(as control)and the diets containing growth-promoting additive complex(L-carnitine, blood-cell protein meal,Spirulina powder and Bacillus subtilis powder),and pigmentation-promoting additive complex(astaxanthin,spirulina and Bacillus subtilis)at water temperature of(25±1)℃for 60 days with triplication to investigate effects of different additive combination in diets on growth and body pigmentation of koi carp. Growth performance and body pigmentation of koi carp were determined every 15 days during the 60 d experimental period.Results showed that the koi carp fed the diets containing growth-promoting additive complex and Japanese commercial diets showed similar growth performance,with lower food conversion ratio than the koi carp fed the Japanese diets.The diets containing pigmentation-promoting additive complex led to improve the body pigmentation of the red and white koi carp,which is comparable to the koi carp fed the control diets.The similar degree of pigmentation was observed in the koi carp fed both experimental pigmentation diets,indicating that the two experimental diets with different feed additive combination have the equivalent effects with Japanese commercial diets and that can match the standard in promoting the growth and body pigmentation of koi carp.

A 30 day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fish meal replaced by Hermetia illucens meal on growth performance,body composition and plasma biochemical indices of koi carp Cyprinus carpio. A total of 270 individuals with an average body weight of 51.2 g were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate and fed three diets containing 0(H1),50%(H2),and 70%(H3)of fish meal replaced by Hermetia illucens meal on basal diet basis.The results showed that there was no significant difference in weight gain rate,condition factor,hepatosomatic index,and shape among all groups(P＞0.05).Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT)and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT)activities were significantly inhibited in plasma of the koi carp fed the diets containing high Hermetia illucens meal(P＜0.05),with high GOT activity in the fish fed the diet containing 70%fish meal replaced by Hermetia illucens meal.There was significantly higher activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in plasma and hepatopancreas in groups H2 and H3 than that in the control group(P＜0.05).However,the koi in groups H2 and H3 had significantly lower malondialdehyde(MDA) content in hepatopancreas than the fish in the control group did(P＜0.05).The findings indicate that Hermetia illucens meal leads to improve oxidation resistance and disease resistance in koi carp,and suggeste that fish meal replaced by maggot meal should not be more than 70%in diets.

Plantigrades of thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus with shell length of(1.31±0.05)mm were fed algae Isochrysis zhanjiangensis,and Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis,and a mixture of the two algae at volumetric proportion of 1∶1 at water temperature of 18℃and a salinity of 30 for 21 days,and survival rate,shell length,shell height,wet body weight,specific growth rate(SGR)and amylase activity of the plantigrades were determined in order to understand the effects of different diets on the growth,survival and digestion of thick shell mussel juveniles.The results showed that there were no significant differences in survival rates(over 93%)in all groups(P＞0.05).However,the plantigrades fed the mixture of the two algae had significantly higher SGR,and amylase activity than the animals fed single alga did during over 14 day rearing period(P＜0.05).The findings will provide an important theoretical basis for the cultivation of thick shell mussel plantigrades.

Identification,culture performance and nutrient analysis were conducted in a yeast Rhodotorula benthica by physiological and biochemical and molecular methods to explore the possibility of a yeast Rhodotorula benthica as dietary protein resource in aquaculture.It was found that the strain was similar to another Rhodotorula benthica in colony,cell morphology and physiological biochemical characteristics.Amplification and partially sequencing of ITS gene revealed that there was a 598 bp fragment in the total DNA sequence of the yeast,with 99%homology of nucleotide sequence with that in the reported Rhodotorula slooffiae ITS gene by NCBI GenBank,indicating that the yeast strain is Rhodotorula slooffiae.The peak value of 2.25×108cfu/mL and the maxiaml carotenoid concentration of 83.6 μg/g were observed in the liquid medium culture of the yeast strain.The findings indicate that Rhodotorula slooffiae is rich in nutrients including vitamins,unsaturated fatty acids and proteins,playing an important role in aquaculture in the future.

The zooplankton quantity was monitored in November of 2012(autum),February(winter),May (spring)and August(summer)of 2013 in Dongshan Bay,Shandong province,to study the relationship between zooplankton quantity characteristics and aquaculture activity and water masses in Dongshan bay.The results showed that there were more zooplankton species,abundance and biomass in several fixed stations waters near Zhangjiang estuary,Bachi Door,mouth of Zhangjiang estuary and outside the Gulf in Dongshan bay,which is related to the water masses and aquaculture environment.The high species abundance and biomass of zooplankton in the estuary waters are attributed to the maximal Zhangjiang runoff in spring,and zooplankton rich in outer bay stations in summer is resulted from the strong external forces outside water mass.The weak water mass forces in autumn and winter,however,zooplankton was found to be more abundant in farming activity prevailing area,leading to seasonal changes in dominant species in Dongshan bay：from the dominant species Acartia pacifica,Paracalanus aculeatus and Calanus sinicus in November 2012 to Calanus sinicus in February 2013.There were three dominant species Calanus sinicus.Acartia pacifica and Paracalanus parvus in May of 2013,and dominant species Oikopleura dioica, Subeucalanus subcrassus and Sagitta enflata were observed in August 2013.Different horizontal distributions of dominant species were found in various season：Calanus sinicus and A.pacifica in the Gulf in autumn,winter and spring and Sagitta enflata and Subeucalanus subcrassus in the waters outside the Gulf in August.Oikopleura dioica had a wide range of temperature adaptation,became the most important species in the Gulf instead of Calanus sinicus and A.pacifica,indicating that aquaculture activity and water masses affect in some extent the distribution of zooplankton in Dongshan bay.

Glycoprotein gene was cloned from the total RNA extracted from the suspension of Shlj1 strain with Spring Viremia of Carp Virus(SVCV)using RT-PCR,nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein was sequenced, and amino acid was deduced to predict the spatial structure and B cell antigenic epitope of SVCV glycoprotein.A three dimensional model of the glycoprotein was established based on the amino acid sequence,and by Phyre2,and flexible region,hydrophilicity,surface probability and antigenic index of the glycoprotein was analyzed by the Protean module in DNAStar software.It was found that the glycoprotein of the SVCV Shlj1 strain had nucleotide sequences of 1527 bp coding 509 amino acids.Space structure prediction revealed that there were a certain number of glycoprotein α-helix,β-pleated sheet,β-turn and a large number of random coil structure,with relatively regular spatial confirmation,in the SVCV Shlj1 strain.The analysis of parameters such as antigen index and antigen epitope index indicated that there were many fragments with high antigen index located in the glycoprotein,with average antigen index of 1.025,and the maximum value of 1.250.The potential B cell antigenic epitope regions were more likely located in 4-26,145-157,293-302,315-327,and 407-491 amino acid sites,indicating that the SVCV Shlj1 strain appeared to have five antigen epitope regions located in the glycoprotein.The findings provide a theoretical basis for preparation of monoclonal antibody and design of epitope vaccine against SVCV.

Koi carp Cyprinus carpio with initial body weight of(52.99±1.95)g was reared in net cages at a density of 30 fish per cage and fed six isonitrogenous(38.5%-38.6%,crude protein)and isocaloric(12.2 MJ/kg)diets containing 0(control,D1),3%(D2),6%(D3),9%(D4),13%(D5),and 14%(D6)dry duckweed meal replacing corresponding rapeseed meal at water temperature of(29.0±1.1)℃or 8 weeks with triplication to evaluate the effects of dietary duckweed levels on growth,antioxidant ability,and digestive ability of koi carp.The results showed that there were significantly higher weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR),protein efficient ratio(PER)and condition factor(CF)and significantly lower food conversion ratio(FCR)in the fish in group D6 than those in the control group and in group D2(P＜0.05).The koi carp fed the diet containing 14%duckweed had significantly higher activities of protease and lipase than the fish in other groups did(P＜0.05),without significant differences in amylase activity(P＞0.05).There were significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)in hepatopancreas,kidney,spleen and serum in the fish fed the diets containing 9%and 14%duckweed meal than those in the other groups(P＜0.05),with significantly lower contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the fish fed the diets containing 14%duckweed(P＜0.05).The findings indicate that supplementation of 14%duckweed replacing corresponding rapeseed meal can improve the growth,and meet requirements for antioxidant ability and digestive capacity of koi carp.

In order to solve the using limitation of non - continuous lines among AutoCAD standard lines for ship graphing, some lines＇definition, like phantom and other non -continuous lines, are introduced in this article. The multi -line （five -line） definition way of trajectory is described in drawing for a boat.

A sponge-associated actinobacterium FH with strong bioactivity was isolated from marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis,and identified by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis as Streptomyces globisporus.The inhibition of Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio splendidus by FH strain was studied and the fermentation condition of FH strain was optimized,including influence of preservation temperature and time on the antibacterial effect of fermented product. The dry weight of mycelium revealed that the growth curve of FH strain showed a lag phase in 0-15 h,log phase in 15-72 h,stationary phase in 72-120 h and decline phase after 120 h.The optimal fermentation of FH strain was observed under conditions of temperature 25℃,pH 7.5 and loading volume 30 mL in the orthogonal experiment, with the best antibacterial effect on Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio splendidus by the crude extracts of FH strain fermented in 72 h under this condition.However,there was no significant difference in the antibacterial effects in the crude extracts of FH strain stored at 4℃and-20℃for 60 days and stored 7 days at room temperature(P＞0.05).Addition of 2 mL fermentation product of FH strain in 100 mL sterilized seawater led to effectively inhibit the growth of Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio splendidus.The findings indicated that the sponge-associated actinobacterium FH and its fermentation product had potential application in the field of mariculture.

The fisheries manipulation strategies were surveyed in lakes and reserviors with various trophic types, basin morphology,and nutrient input rhythm to inhibit and restore eutrophications in lakes and reservoirs.The statistic data collected from some reservoirs and lakes indicate that long food chain piscivorous fish and indigenous fish should be protected to increase the biodiversties in oligotrophic waters with less non-point pollution and nutrient input.Omnivores are stocked into the waters as eutrophication become more and more serious,and ratio of filtering feeder to benthivorous fish should be controlled mainly depending on water depth and area,instead of exaggeration of the algae removal effect by filter feeding fishes in all waters.Especially,benthivorous fish should be stocked more to remove algae in shallow lakes by swallowing and scraping the algae that are adhered by lake basins.In ultra eutrophic lakes,the restoration must be carried out by omnivorous fish together with increase of the water heterogeneity such as implanting refuges for zooplankton in order to improve biodiversity and fish production,or increase in the rate of nutrients being concentrated and unloaded from the waters.It is first suggested that fence segmentation be conducted in shallow and large eutrophic waters so that a large ecosystem is divided into small ecosystem landscape complexes that depend on each other.

The decision making factors and flow chart of marine fisheries production recovery post oil spill were studied,and a model library was proposed based on assistant decision making solution of marine fisheries production recovery for development of the assistant decision making algorithm of marine fisheries production recovery to deal with effects of petroleum products such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on marine organisms.The assistant decision making system of marine fisheries production recovery is built,and the proposed system can be used to select the suitable recovery model that can return the environment factors so that the water quality meet the need of marine aquaculture and poultry standard.The simulated data were used to test the system in order to test the performance of the proposed system.The results showed that the proposed system met the needs of ocean and fishery administration.

Based on a number of compaction tests, the compaction behaviour of heterogeneous soil is investigated in this paper. Then an empirical formula for assessing the maximum dry density of heterogeneous soil is proposed. It is shown that the proposed formula is practically applicable.

The absorption of nitrite and total ammonia nitrogen pollutants in simulation contaminated seawater by viscose-based carbon fibers(CF)modified by using nitric acid oxidation method was studied,and the absorption effects of the modified carbon fibers were optimized through orthogonal experiments including the modification time of carbon fiber,dosage of carbon fiber,initial concentration of nitrite and total ammonia nitrogen,time of absorption,and sea condition and pH value to search for an effective method of treatment of coastal seawater pollution and ecological restoration.The results showed that the adsorption performance of carbon fiber was stable under the same reaction conditions,and that the adsorption effect of carbon fiber on nitrite was good at the same time,with the relatively poor removal rate of total ammonia nitrogen.The best absorption of nitrite and total ammonia nitrogen and restoration of simulated coastal seawater by the viscose-based carbon fiber were observed under the optimal conditions of 3 hours absorption,sea level of 3,CF dosage of 0.01 g,initial nitrite concentration of 4 mg/L,initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration of 60 mg/L,modification for 1.5 h,and pH value of 8,with the removal rate of 84.56%for nitrite,and the total ammonia nitrogen removal rate of 45.63%.The findings provide the reference for the application of carbon fiber in the coastal marine environment restoration.

Alga polyphenols,as secondary metabolites of algae,protect algae against herbivorous animal interference,and have a variety of biological activities,becoming a hot research direction of marine bioactive substances. The development of extraction methods and purification techniques are overviewed,and the mechanism of bioactivities of alga polyphenols are described including antioxidation,antibacterial,antiviral,antitumor,anti allergic,anti inflammatory,anticoagulation,glucose homeostasis and other biological activities.The relationships between chemical structure and biological activity and the application status of polyphenols are presented simultaneously.Therefore,alga polyphenols has sustainable utilizing value.The further research is needed on the functional structures, mechanism of biological activity,and application of alga polyphenols to develop great potential of alga polyphenols in industrial and agricultural production.

Protease activities were determined in different parts of digestive organs in largemouth bass （Micropterus salraoides） at different temperature, pH and casein concentration by means of enzymological analysis. The results showed that the protease activities in different parts of digestive organs were arranged in a descent order as： stomach 〉 pyloric caeca 〉 foregut 〉 midgut 〉 hindgut. The protease activities changed with variations in temperature, pH and casein concentration in different organs. The optimum temperatures and pH were （40℃, 2.4 ） for stomach, （55℃ ,7.6） for pyloric caeca（45℃ ,8.0） for gut. The optimum temperature for protease activity was higher than that in the fish body. The highest activity of protease occurred in strong acidic condition in stomach, but in neutral or weak alkaline condition in pyloric caeca and gut. The activity of the protease also changed with concentrations of the casein, the optimum casein concentration of 20 g/L for stomach. 20 g/L for pyloric caeca, and 10 g/L for gut.

Currently,computer vision technology which simulates the principle of biological vision has been widely applied in study of fish swimming behavior via collection and processing dynamic target parameter information including pictures or videos.Research progress on fish swimming behavior monitoring by computer vision technology is summarized.Firstly,the fish target selection and image acquisition methods are introduced.Secondly the background removal and target detection are presented.Thirdly extraction method of swimming parameters for single fish target with direct extraction and fitting extraction is presented.The method of motion prediction and feature matching for multi fish object monitoring is described in detail.Then the swimming behavior monitoring parameters are classified,and relevant image processing software used commonly is introduced.Finally,the difficulties and future trends of computer vision monitoring are discussed.

Artificial reef is an artificial facility used to restore and optimize the marine ecological environment and to build a habitat for marine aquatic organisms.It is also a basic ecological project in the construction of marine ranching.The selection and use of reef materials are directly related to the effect of artificial reef.From the six main categories of reef materials and the durability, environmental adaptability, biological affinity and economy considered in the use of materials, this paper summarizes the development status of materials used in the construction of artificial reefs at home and abroad, arranges and analyzes the characteristics and application effects of various reef materials of artificial reefs, and future development suggestions are put forward in the research, development and application of eco-friendly materials, new materials for resource recycling, carbon sequestration functional materials under double carbon goals and new artificial reef materials based on intelligent materials.It is expected to provide scientific reference for the selection of reef materials and the research and development of new materials.

According to the trend of worldwide environment protection, the paper discusses the end using time of some refrigerants, refrigerant replacement and transition, and recycling of prohibited refrigerants. Some proposals for refrigerant replacement in China are also given in the paper.

In recent years, aquaculture activities cause severely impair to health of water body in nature as the rapid development of intensive aquaculture. During the aquaculture, fish faeces fail to be a properly handled and become the main contaminant which can destroy the water environment in aquaculture. The hazards coming from fish faeces to water body and farmed animals are summarized, the factors influencing fecal production and particles size under the condition of aquaculture are described, and several kinds of commonly measures from abroad and at home to prevent and control the hazards are discussed. The problems in management of water pollution in China, and a new outlook in the content of future research on faeces are presented.

In response to increasing strict regulations on aquatic product quality, organic matter and nitrogen discharge, industrial recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) are getting more and more application because of their minimal environmental impact and controlled operation. As a core unit of RASs, marine biofilters play an important role in controlling water quality. It is important to establish a scientific, reasonable and efficient design to improve the purifying efficiency of the biofilters. In this paper, the production situation of a certain farm was taken as an object to design a moving bed biofilm reactor using material balance principle and water purification facilities construction technology. Under the guidance of the balance principle of nitrogen, the maximum ammonia production rate, maximum allowable ammonia nitrogen concentration in culture ponds, quantity of exchanged water, and oxygen demand of the tank and biofilter were calculated based on the oxygen consumption rate of aquaculture organisms, oxygen consumption of nitrification and the dissolved oxygen balance. The three flow rates required for removal of target ammonia nitrogen and for dissolve oxygen in the culture tank and biofilter were calculated. On the basis of the above calculation, several key parameters were precisely established according to the water treatment facilities construction technical specifications and production experience, including the flow rate, volume, circulation, hydraulic retention time, quantity of exchanged water and filtration equipment. The main technical parameters were determined as the circulated flow rate of 286 m3/h, volume of 140.59 m3in four biofilters of each 4 m×4 m×2.5 m, the water level of 2.2 m, hydraulic retention time of 29 min, exchanged water of 1.16 m3/h, at a rate of 20 times a day, the diameters of 300 and 200 mm in total and branch inlet pipe, blower volume of 1716 m3/h and the carrier Kaldnes K3 filling with 40%. It is put forward to provide a complete design method for the proper design of biofilter with the above process. The findings provide a good reference for the design of moving bed biofilter reactor in recirculating aquaculture system.

The biological characteristics of bacterium Flavobacterium columnare were studied by Gram stain,colorimetry and agar diffusion methods.The bacterium cultured in broth Shieh meddium for 24 hours was showed different shape in the appearance including arch shape,U form,V form or S form and so on.Some of Flavobacterium columnare cultured for 72 hours appeared as branched cells and more granular involution form than that for 48 hours.The extracellular products（ECP） were found to be positive in the protease,lipoidase and lecithinase,but negative in amylase,gelatinase and urease.

The age and growth of squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis were studied using 104 statoliths collected in the Chinese squid jigging surveys from October 2004 to January 2005. It was found that the squid had a life span of about one year, the samples being 88 to 363 day old, 81.3% ranging from 180 to 270 day old. The incubation samples were found almost throughout the year from January to November in 2004, with two peaks of March to May and September to October, accounting for 57.8% and 14.4% of the total, respectively. Two distinct spawning groups were observed in spring and autumn. The relationship between mantle length and age was described by the linear function and the relationship between body weight and age the exponent functions in the two spawning groups. The instantaneous relative growth rate and absolute growth rate were found to be varied with the sizes, with significant difference between the groups of squid with the same age.

A edge detection algorithm of biologic image based on dynamic and mathematical morphology, which can solve the affection of noise and blurring effect in image edge detection,is presented in this paper. The dynamic binary method was used firstly to define binary image threshold in transforming gray image to binary image. Secondly, the Erosion algorithm of mathematical morphology and de - empty method were used to eliminate noise of binary image. Finally the skeleton detection was used to detect image edge. The numerical experimental showsed that this algorithm reduced the effect of noise in image edge detection, and realized were accurately edge orientation, and hold adequately image detail. This algorithm is a good edge detection method in biologic image.

Embryonic development of haploid, triploid, gynogenetic diploid and normal diploid Japanese flounder （ Paralichthys olivaceus） were observed at a water temperature of （ 16 ± 0. 5 ） ℃, pH value of 8.0 - 8.3, and a salinity of 30.2. A high frequency of abnormality, particularly body flexion, the organ differentiation, the fertilizing rate, the rate of abnormality and the hatching rate was found in the haploid embryos. The embryos of gynogenetic diploid and triploid had basically the same process with the normal diploid embryos, as the zygotes developed through multicelled stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage, yolk plug formation stage, Kupffer＇s vesicle stage, tailbud stage, eye len formation stage, heart beating stage, hatching stage and hatched successfully. There were no significant differences in embryonic development among gynogenetic diploid, triploid and normal haploid individuals. However, different time of every stage was found in embryonic development among gynogenetic diploid, triploid and haploid individuals. It took about 61 hours to hatch for the control diploid. For gynogenetic diploid and triploid, however, it took 66 hours 30 minutes and 67 hours 50 minutes to hatch, respectively, about 10% longer than the developmental time of the control diploid. Noticeably, the gynogenetic diploid and triploid had about 25% longer than the control diploid at the multicelled stage. The hatching rate of （16. 5 ±2. 2）% and abnor- mity of （97.2 ± 1.6） % happened to the haploid. The hatching rate of （85.6 ± 3.0） % and （ 82. 3 ± 3.1 ） % occurred in both gynogenetic diploid and triploid with the abnormality of （13.2± 2. 3 ）% and （16. 3 ± 2. 5 ）% respectively, no significant differences between gynogenetic diploid and triploid. But compared with the control diploid, both gynogenetic diploid and triploid had a lower hatching rate and higher abnormality.

Introduces the design principles for opening control system based on LonWorks. Authors also discuss how to make use of LonWorks to establish opening control network in intelligent buildings

Histopathological, haematological and toxicological effects of malachite green （MG） on various animals, and the biotransformation of malachite green （MG） and its matabolites, leucomalachite green （LMG） were summarized. The recent research advances on determination of malachite green and leueomalachite green were dewed abroad. Alternative disinfectants to malachite green were advised. An approach to remove excess malachite green from treatment water should be explored.

The advances on taxonomy, biochemistry, physiology, ecology and culture methods of the genus Dunaliella were reviewed in this paper. Nearly 30 species have been described in this genus, among which D. salina is much attracting commercial attention due to the richest plant sources of β-carotene as a useful sources of pro-vitamin A. The method for biological production of carotene is briefly introduced.

Amyloodiniosis, commonly referred to as “marine velvet”, velvet disease, is a parasitological disease caused by one of the most common and important parasitic dinoflagellates  Amyloodinium   ocellatum . The  A.ocellatum  infects a wide range of fish species in different habitats including tropical and subtropical geographical locations, and has a direct life cycle that comprises three stages: trophont, tomont, and dinospores, which can be completed in less than a week dependent on favorable environmental factors. The disease is characterized by rapid onset and high mortality, which seriously hinders the healthy development of China’s marine fish industrial farming and semi-intensive pond farming, leading to huge economic losses. The typical symptoms of amyloodiniosis are changes in fish behavior, decreased appetite, faster breathing, and swimming at the water surface or gathering at the areas with higher dissolved oxygen concentrations. Fish mortalities are usually attributed to hypoxia, inflammation, severe gill hyperplasia, hemorrhage, and necrosis in heavy infestations. This review summarizes the current situation and the latest researches progress on the life cycle of  A.ocellatum , the prevalence, detection methods, and preventive and control measures of amyloodiniosis. It is proposed to strengthen the future research of pathogenic detection of the farming environment, low-temperature preservation, vaccine development, aiming to provide references for the scientific prevention and treatment of marine fish amyloodiniosis in fisheries production.

The biological characteristics of albacore Thunnus alalunga,including body length frequency,sex ratio,and food were analyzed by the data collected by Chinese tuna longline operation in the southern and central Indian Ocean from September of 2008 to April of 2009.The results showed that the fork length（LF） ranged from 74 to 120 cm with predominant 105-110 cm（47.8%）,and with mean LF of（107.2±4.99） cm.The relationship between fork length and dressed weight（WD） for both sex of albacore can be expressed as WD=1.7146×10-5L3.0197F for female,WDM=7×10-5L2.7229FM,and WDF=2×10-6L3.5354FF for male.The gonads were mainly developed into stage IV（about 43.1%） during the survey.The stages 0 and 2 were found in feeding stages for the fish with fork length of below 100 cm,most（over 39%） of which had empty stomach.The fish with fork length of 100-120 cm,however,had an increase in the stomach fullness,and a decrease for the fish with fork length of 91-110 cm and 111-120 cm.

The oxygen consumption rate,oxygen consumption amount and asphyxial point were measured in Asiatic brook lamprey Lampetra reissneri with different body weight by a flow-through chamber and static chamber at different temperature.There were significant rhythms of oxygen consumption in the adult lamprey with body weigh(8.59 ±0.20)g,and the juveniles with body weight(5.42±0.10)g and(5.27±0.17)g.The peak oxygen consumption rate(0.167±0.022)mg/g·h and the minium oxygen consumption rate(0.035±0.003)mg/g·h in the adult lamprey with body weight(8.59±0.20)g were observed at 8:00 and 16:00,respectively.For the lamprey with body weight(5.42 g±0.10 g),however,the peak oxygen consumption rate(0.192±0.036)mg/g·h and the minium oxygen consumption rate(0.051±0.016)mg/g·h were found at 8:00和16:00,respectively.Moreover,the peak oxygen consumption rate(0.119±0.027)mg/g·h and the minium oxygen consumption rate(0.038±0.013)mg/ g·h in the juveniles with body weight(5.27 g±0.17)g were occurred at 18:00 and 14:00,respectively.There was a positive relationship between water temperature(1-20℃)and oxygen consumption rate in the adult lamprey:Y=0.0254X 0.9115 (R 2 =0.8516)(body weight:10.45 g±0.13)g and Y=0.0272X 0.9406 (R 2 =0.8840) (body weight:4.65 g±0.07)g.Furthermore,the oxygen consumption rate and oxygen consumption amount of the juveniles with body weight(5.92 g±0.05 g)increased with the increase in temperature.The negative relationship between the point of the lamprey with body weight(10.67 g±0.18 g)and temperature(1-15℃)was expressed as the equation:Y=0.2224X -0.3945 (R 2 =0.971)while there was a positive relationship between the asphyxial point of the adult lamprey and temperature(15-20℃),and a negatively relationship between the asphyxial point of the adult lamprey with body weight(5.46 g±0.12 g)and temperature(1-10℃)as the equation:Y=0.4427X -0.6561 (R 2 =0.8866).In 15-20℃,the asphyxial point of the lamprey with body weight(5.74 g±0.83 g)was increased with the increase in temperature as the equation:Y=0.3008X -0.4003 (R 2 =0.8581)(P＜0.05).There was significantly difference between the oxygen consumption of adult lamprey with body(10.10 g±0.13 g)and(4.79 g±0. 08 g)(P＜0.05),but there were no significant difference between the oxygen consumption rates(P＞0.05).There were no significant difference in the juveniles with body weight(7.60 g±0.15 g),and(4.79 g±0.09 g)(P＞0. 05).

The ultrastructure of spermatozoa of oriental sheatfish Silurus asotus with body weight of320-550 g was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and effects of pH and temperature on spermatozoonmotility in oriental sheatfish.The spermatozoawere shown to be primarily consists of head and flagellum,with no obvious neck.The spermatozoon has a round head with a diameter from 1.85μm to 2.51μm,containing highly condensed chromatin,without acrosome or acrosomal vesicles.There were fossa containing proximal centrioles and distal centrioles in the end of the head.There were rich cytoplasm, mitochondria,and vesica in sleeve distributed between unclei and plasmamembrane.The slender flagella consisting of axoneme and accessory fibers have length of44.3μm to 50.7μm,with a round cross section and a diameter of 0.269μm to 0.308μm.A typical structure of“9+2”modelwas observed in the axoneme and distal centrioles.Itwas found that7.0-8.5 pH was the suitable for spermatozoon,with the maximalmotility at 8.0 pH and that25-29℃was the suitable temperature for spermatozoon,themaximalmotility at28℃.

S-triazine herbicide prometryn is commonly applied to eradicate gramineae grasses and broad-leaf weeds in agriculture and illegally as an environmental improver to remove harmful algae and aquatic weeds in aquaculture industry. It as a suspected endocrine disruptor is stable in environment, difficult to be degraded and harmful to human through food chain. This paper reviews the degradation and metabolic pathways of prometryn, the structure and distribution of metabolic degradation products in environment, animals and plants, and the effects of prometryn on endocrine and immune functions, and the evaluation methods for human health and ecological environment safety. The extensive uses of prometryn result in a variety of metabolic degradation products with varied structures. The potential toxicity caused by long-term exposure to prometryn and various metabolites and the decline of ecological community population in environment will be the focus of our attention in the future.

EU food safety management system is reviewed with emphasis on controlling measurements of fishery product safety,especially for marine live bivalves.A case of outbreak of infected-oyster in EU is taken to illustrate the EU way to handle the shellfish safety emergency accident.The current status and main issues of marine live bivalve industry in China is evaluated.Effects of insufficiency of Chinese marine live bivalve industry management system on exporting trade of shellfish are discussed,suggesting that an Risk Analysis system be essential to keep Chinese marine live bivalve industry being progressing in a sustainable way.

Absorption rate of urea and slow-releasing rate by oyster shells were determined under different water temperature,and absorption period by UV spectrophotometer.Single factor experiment revealed that the absorption of urea was very high by the oyster shells,the maximal absorption(35.7 g/kg)was found under the conditions of urea consumption of 20 g,a temperature of 45℃,period of 3 h,pH 8.5,and oyster shell activation at temperature of 700℃,and period of 2 h.Slow-releasing of urea absorbed by oyster shells was good.In 25℃calm water, the slow-releasing degree was less than 80%within 28 days with urea releasing period of about 35 days,and daily average stable releasing rate in the releasing period.