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大连海洋大学学报  2022, Vol. 37 Issue (6): 1013-1021    DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2021-277
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昆承湖鱼类群落结构及经济鱼类年龄特征
陈亚东, 周雪明, 任泷, 凡迎春, 徐东坡, 徐跑
1.中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 农业农村部长江下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,江苏 无锡 214081; 2.中国农业科学院研究生院,北京 100081; 3.常熟市昆承湖城市服务有限公司,江苏 常熟 215500
Fish community structure and age characteristics of economic fish in Kuncheng Lake
CHEN Yadong, ZHOU Xueming, REN Long, FAN Yingchun, XU Dongpo*, XU Pao*
1.Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; 2. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3.Changshu Kunchenghu City Service Company Limited, Changshu 215500, China
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摘要 为掌握昆承湖鱼类群落组成现状及主要经济鱼类年龄特征,基于2020年8月—2021年7月一周年的鱼类监测数据,对该水域鱼类群落结构进行分析,同时鉴定了主要经济鱼类的年龄特征。结果表明:本次调查共采集鱼类37种,隶属于5目8科30属,以鲤科鱼类(28种)为主,占总物种数的75.68%,鱼类组成以中上层、定居型和杂食性鱼类为主;刀鲚Coilia nasus、蒙古鲌Culter mongolicus、似鱼乔Toxabramis swinhonis、似鳊Pseudobrama simoni、鳙Aristichthys nobilis、鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix、花?Hemibarbus maculatus、似刺鳊鮈Paracanthobrama guichenoti、大鳍鱊Acheilognathus macropterus和鲫Carassius auratus为优势种;生物多样性分析显示,鱼类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均为夏季最高,且季节间无显著性差异(P>0.05);年龄特征分析显示,鲢、鳙优势年龄均为5~6龄,各年龄组的鲢平均体质量为1 567.99 g,鳙平均体质量为1 549.59 g,与其他湖泊同龄鲢、鳙相比,昆承湖鲢、鳙体质量均明显偏低;等级聚类(CLUSTER)和非度量多维尺度排序(NMDS)分析显示,鱼类群落变化主要受季节影响,且空间差异较小。研究表明,昆承湖复杂多样的生境特征为其较高的鱼类多样性提供了有利条件,鲢、鳙规格较小主要是放养密度过高导致。
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陈亚东
周雪明
任泷
凡迎春
徐东坡
徐跑
关键词:  昆承湖  种类组成  生态类型  多样性格局  年龄特征    
Abstract: In order to understand the present situation of fish community composition and the age characteristics of main economic fish in Kuncheng Lake, the fish community structure and age characteristics of main economic fish were seasonally surveyed by gill nets and traps in 5 representative sites in Kuncheng Lake (31°33′44″-31°37′01″N, 120°43′14″-120°45′57″E) in Jiangsu Province from August 2020 to July 2021.The results showed that there were 37 fish species, belonging to 5 orders, 8 families and 30 genera, with dominant species in Cyprinidae (28 species), accounting for 75.68% of the total species, including tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus, culter Culter mongolicus, thin sharpbelly Toxabramis swinhonis, pseudobream Pseudobrama simoni, bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis, silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, spotted steed Hemibarbus maculatusParacanthobrama guichenotiAcheilognathus macropterus, crucian carp Carassius auratus. The maximal indices of Shannon-Wiener diversity, Margalef richness and Pielou evenness were observed in summer, without significant difference between seasons (P>0.05). The silver carp and bighead carp had dominant ages from 5 to 6 years old, and silver carp had average weight of 1 567.99 g and bighead carp 1 549.59 g. The CLUSTER and NMDS showed that the fish community was mainly influenced by seasons, with little spatial difference. The findings indicated that the complex and diverse habitat characteristics in Kuncheng Lake provide favorable conditions for its high fish diversity, and that silver carp and bighead carp had small size was primarily attributed to the high stocking density.
Key words:  Kuncheng Lake    species composition    ecological type    diversity pattern    age characteristics
               出版日期:  2023-01-14      发布日期:  2023-01-14      期的出版日期:  2023-01-14
中图分类号:  S 932.4  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”项目(2020YFD0900503);中国水产科学研究院院级基本科研业务费专项(2020XT13)
引用本文:    
陈亚东, 周雪明, 任泷, 凡迎春, 徐东坡, 徐跑. 昆承湖鱼类群落结构及经济鱼类年龄特征[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2022, 37(6): 1013-1021.
CHEN Yadong, ZHOU Xueming, REN Long, FAN Yingchun, XU Dongpo, XU Pao. Fish community structure and age characteristics of economic fish in Kuncheng Lake. Journal of Dalian Ocean University, 2022, 37(6): 1013-1021.
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https://xuebao.dlou.edu.cn/CN/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2021-277  或          https://xuebao.dlou.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V37/I6/1013
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