Embryonic development of gynogenetic diploid and triploid Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus
LIU Hai-jin, WANG Chang-an, ZHU Xiao-chen, LIU Yong-xin, ZHAHG Xiao-yan, HOU Ji-lun, TANG Nan
1. Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100039 ,China; 2. School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian Fisheries Univ. , Dalian 116023, China; 3. Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; 4. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030,China
摘要 在水温为（16．0±0．5）℃、pH为8．0～8．3、盐度为30．2的条件下，对牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus单倍体、三倍体和雌核发育二倍体胚胎发育的过程与普通二倍体牙鲆的发育进行了比较。结果表明：单倍体胚胎脊柱弯曲，器官分化不全，受精率低，畸形率高，出膜率低；三倍体和雌核发育二倍体胚胎与普通二倍体牙鲆的发育时序基本相同，受精卵经过卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、卵黄栓胚、克氏囊胚、尾芽胚、心跳胚、出膜期等阶段孵化出膜，各阶段除发育时间不同外，发育特征与发育分期没有明显差别；普通二倍体胚胎约61h孵化出膜，而三倍体和雌核发育二倍体分别经66 h 30 min和67 h 50 min孵化出膜，孵化时间比普通二倍体牙鲆长约10％。其中，卵裂期三倍体和雌核发育二倍体在细胞分裂阶段发育特别缓慢，发育时间比普通二倍体长约25％。单倍体出膜率为（16．5±2．2）％，畸形率为（97．2±1．6）％；雌核发育二倍体出膜率为（85．6±3．0）％，畸形率为（13．2±2．3）％；三倍体出膜率为（82．3±3．1）％，畸形率为（16．3±2．5）％。与普通二倍体牙鲆相比，三倍体和雌核发育二倍体胚胎出膜率低，仔鱼畸形率高。
Abstract: Embryonic development of haploid, triploid, gynogenetic diploid and normal diploid Japanese flounder （ Paralichthys olivaceus） were observed at a water temperature of （ 16 ± 0. 5 ） ℃, pH value of 8.0 - 8.3, and a salinity of 30.2. A high frequency of abnormality, particularly body flexion, the organ differentiation, the fertilizing rate, the rate of abnormality and the hatching rate was found in the haploid embryos. The embryos of gynogenetic diploid and triploid had basically the same process with the normal diploid embryos, as the zygotes developed through multicelled stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage, yolk plug formation stage, Kupffer＇s vesicle stage, tailbud stage, eye len formation stage, heart beating stage, hatching stage and hatched successfully. There were no significant differences in embryonic development among gynogenetic diploid, triploid and normal haploid individuals. However, different time of every stage was found in embryonic development among gynogenetic diploid, triploid and haploid individuals. It took about 61 hours to hatch for the control diploid. For gynogenetic diploid and triploid, however, it took 66 hours 30 minutes and 67 hours 50 minutes to hatch, respectively, about 10% longer than the developmental time of the control diploid. Noticeably, the gynogenetic diploid and triploid had about 25% longer than the control diploid at the multicelled stage. The hatching rate of （16. 5 ±2. 2）% and abnor- mity of （97.2 ± 1.6） % happened to the haploid. The hatching rate of （85.6 ± 3.0） % and （ 82. 3 ± 3.1 ） % occurred in both gynogenetic diploid and triploid with the abnormality of （13.2± 2. 3 ）% and （16. 3 ± 2. 5 ）% respectively, no significant differences between gynogenetic diploid and triploid. But compared with the control diploid, both gynogenetic diploid and triploid had a lower hatching rate and higher abnormality.
2008, Vol. 23 
