国外养殖尾水排放要求对中国水产养殖业绿色发展的启示

doi:10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-159

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大连海洋大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2) : 337-348. DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-159

国外养殖尾水排放要求对中国水产养殖业绿色发展的启示

马晓娜, 翟堂芳, 吴子恒, 刘子烁, 杨玉祥, 冯志华, 刘鹰*

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Revelation of green development of aquaculture industry in China from foreign provision of aquaculture tailwater discharge: a review

MA Xiaona，ZHAI Tangfang，WU Ziheng，LIU Zishuo，YANG Yuxiang，FENG Zhihua，LIU Ying*

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摘要

本文通过总结国外一些发达国家和地区及国际组织(全球水产联盟、欧盟和世界银行)有关水产养殖尾水排放要求的概况，梳理了当前中国水产养殖尾水排放标准状况，并将国内外养殖尾水排放要求进行了对比分析。结果表明：在侧重点方面，国外更侧重从源头减少污染物排放，注重过程管理如BMP管理(best management practices，最佳管理实践)、许可证制度，尽可能从源头减少污染物排放；在污染控制模式方面，国外多采取浓度控制和总量控制相结合的控制模式，中国多采取浓度控制模式；在污染控制项目方面，除中国主要控制的5项污染物项目(悬浮物、pH、化学需氧量、氮和磷营养盐)外，溶解氧、大肠杆菌和油脂类物质等污染物项目在国外也普遍关注较多；在污染物排放浓度限值方面，国内外也存在一定程度差别，其中，中国水产养殖尾水一级排放标准略高于国外大部分国家的标准，二级排放标准则低于国外标准。在分析对比基础上，从强化源头控制、做好过程监管、创新末端治理等方面，对中国养殖尾水排放标准的制订提出了建议，以期为中国各地水产养殖尾水排放治理和促进水产养殖业绿色发展提供借鉴。

Abstract

The provision of aquaculture tailwater discharge in some major foreign countries and international organizations at the national level (Global Aquaculture Alliance,United States, European Union, Norway, France, Japan, Australia and World Bank)are summarized, and the current status of aquaculture wastewater discharge standards in China is examined. The requirements for wastewater discharge in aquaculture are analyzed and compared between China and other countries. It is found that foreign countries place more emphasis on process management including BMP management and permit systems, focusing on reducing pollutant emissions at the source. In terms of pollution control modes, foreign countries often adopt a combination of concentration control and total load control, while domestic approaches tend to focus on concentration control alone. In terms of pollution control parameters, in addition to the five main pollutants controlled in China (suspended solids, pH value, COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrients), foreign countries also pay more attention to pollutants such as dissolved oxygen, coliform bacteria, and oil substances. There are also differences in pollutant emission concentration limits between domestic and foreign countries: the primary discharge standard is slightly higher than the standards of most foreign countries, while the secondary standard is lower than international standards. Furthermore, present paper offers insights and recommendations for the development of domestic standards for aquaculture wastewater discharge from three aspects: strengthening source control, improving process monitoring, and innovating end-of-pipe treatment, aiming to provide scientific reference for researchers and management departments and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of aquaculture industry in China.

导出引用

马晓娜, 翟堂芳, 吴子恒, 刘子烁, 杨玉祥, 冯志华, 刘鹰. 国外养殖尾水排放要求对中国水产养殖业绿色发展的启示[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2024, 39(2): 337-348 https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-159

MA Xiaona, ZHAI Tangfang, WU Ziheng, LIU Zishuo, YANG Yuxiang, FENG Zhihua, LIU Ying. Revelation of green development of aquaculture industry in China from foreign provision of aquaculture tailwater discharge: a review[J]. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 2024, 39(2): 337-348 https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-159

中图分类号： S 959 X 55