宏基因组测序技术在入海排污口污水监测中的研究进展

傅松哲

大连海洋大学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6) : 903-912.

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大连海洋大学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6) : 903-912. DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-281

宏基因组测序技术在入海排污口污水监测中的研究进展

  • 傅松哲
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Research progress of metagenomic sequencing technology in monitoring of marine sewage outfalls:a review

  • FU Songzhe
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文章历史 +

摘要

陆源污染主要通过入海排污口排入海洋,入海排污口排放的污水严重损害海洋生态安全,因此,加强入海排污口的污水监测非常重要。入海排污口污水主要包含化学污染物和生物污染物两大类,其中,生物污染物包括致病性细菌、病毒、有毒藻类和抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)等。近年来,生物污染物的种类和排放量不断增多,其检测要求和难度亦越来越大,客观上要求研发一种涵盖以上所有生物污染物的检测技术。宏基因组测序技术可以检测特定环境下所有生物遗传物质的丰度变化,是污水监测的理想解决方案。本文阐述了宏基因组测序技术的发展历程,从污水中致病性细菌、病毒、有毒藻类和ARGs的丰度与动态变化角度,综述了宏基因组测序技术在入海排污口污水中生物污染物监测的应用进展,结合团队前期研究和工作实践,重点阐述了基于宏基因组测序技术的入海排污口污水风险评估工作流程,并针对目前研究中存在的问题,提出了基于绝对定量宏基因组测序技术和定量预测模型,实时预测相关疾病的疫情规模,从而构建污水监测预警体系,以期为保障公共卫生安全和海洋生态环境安全提供理论参考和技术支撑。

Abstract

Land-based pollution is mainly discharged into the ocean through sewage outlets, which seriously damages the ecological security of the ocean. Therefore, it is critical to strengthen the monitoring of sewage outlets. The wastewater discharged from the sewage outlet consists of two pollution categories: chemical pollutants and biological pollutants. Biological pollutants include pathogenic bacteria and viruses, toxic algae, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In recent years, the types and the amounts of discharges for biological pollutants have been increasing, which requires higher demands for rapid detection. Thus, it is essential to develop a detection technique covering all the above biological pollutants. Metagenomic sequencing can detect the dynamics of all biogenetic material and is the ideal solution for wastewater surveillance. This paper first elaborates on the principle and milestones of metagenomic sequencing techniques and then reviews the application of metagenomic sequencing on elucidating the abundance and dynamics in pathogenic bacteria and viruses, toxic algae and ARGs in sewage. Based on previous research, we mainly illustrate the workflow of risk assessment for marine sewage outfalls. Given the current state of research, we proposed that absolute quantitative metagenomic sequencing technology combined with a quantitative prediction model can be used for real-time prediction of the epidemics and construction of a sewage early warning system. Above works would provide a theoretical basis and technical support for ensuring public health and marine ecological security.

关键词

入海排污口 / 宏基因组测序技术 / 污水监测 / 有害藻华 / 抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)

Key words

marine sewage outfall / metagenomic sequencing / wastewater surveillance / harmful algal blooms / antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)

引用本文

导出引用
傅松哲. 宏基因组测序技术在入海排污口污水监测中的研究进展[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2022, 37(6): 903-912 https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-281
FU Songzhe. Research progress of metagenomic sequencing technology in monitoring of marine sewage outfalls:a review[J]. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 2022, 37(6): 903-912 https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-281
中图分类号: S 917.1    Q 31   

基金

国家自然科学基金(81903372);辽参绿色生态养殖关键技术研发与应用(2020ZD23SN009)

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