长江与黑龙江流域长春鳊养殖群体种质特征比较分析

doi:10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-129

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大连海洋大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1) : 146-155. DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-129

长江与黑龙江流域长春鳊养殖群体种质特征比较分析

石昌何，郑先虎，孙志鹏，刘天奇，那荣滨，鲁翠云*

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Comparative analysis between germplasm characteristics of cultured stocks of Parabramis pekinensis in the Yangtze River and in the Heilongjiang River Basin

SHI Changhe，ZHENG Xianhu，SUN Zhipeng，LIU Tianqi，NA Rongbin，LU Cuiyun*

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摘要

为探究长江与黑龙江流域长春鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)的种质资源差异，开发黑龙江长春鳊种质资源，对长江流域(WB)和黑龙江流域(FB)长春鳊养殖群体的外部形态特征、肌肉营养成分及遗传结构进行分析。结果表明：WB群体与FB群体的全长(TL)、体高(BH)、头长(HL)、吻长(WL)、眼径(EB)、眼间距(EC)、尾柄高(FH)和体长(SL)的比值均有显著性差异(P<0.05)，表明长江群体与黑龙江群体体型差异较大，可作为长春鳊杂交育种的材料；肌肉营养成分分析结果显示，WB群体粗脂肪含量(0.63 g/100 g)显著低于FB群体(1.57 g/100 g)(P<0.05)，而粗蛋白质含量二者间无显著性差异(P>0.05)；WB群体的总氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量均显著高于FB群体(P<0.05)，而饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸均显著低于FB群体(P<0.05)；基于全基因组的SNP标记分析群体遗传结构，WB和FB群体的多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.100 7和0.100 4，群体处于低度遗传多样性水平(PIC<0.25)；群体间遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.030 5，基因流(Nm)为7.942 8，表明群体间存在着广泛的基因交换。本研究为长春鳊的开发、繁殖和持续利用提供了有益参考。

Abstract

To explore the difference in germplasm characteristics of Parabramis pekinensis in Yangtze River from that in Heilongjiang River,and improve the germplasm resources of this species in the Heilongjiang River,the external morphological characteristics,muscle nutrient compositions,and genetic structures of cultured stocks of P. pekinensis in the Yangtze River (WB) and the Heilongjiang River (FB) were analyzed.An analysis of the morphological data shows significant differences (P<0.05) between the WB and FB populations in the ratios of total length (TL),body height (BH),head length (HL),snout length (WL),eye diameter (ED),eye cross (EC),and caudal peduncle height (FH) compared with the standard length (SL).The body shape of fish species from Changjiang River is considerable different to that from Heilongjiang River and fish stocks from Changjiang River may be used as the hybrid breeding stocks of P. pekinensis.Muscle nutrient composition analysis shows that the crude lipid content (0.63 g/100 g) of the WB stock is significantly lower than that of the FB stock (1.57 g/100 g) (P<0.05),and that the difference in crude protein contents is not significant (P>0.05).The total amino acid,semi-essential amino acid,non-essential amino acid,and flavor-amino acid contents of the WB stock are significantly higher than those of the FB stock (P<0.05).But the saturated fatty acid,monounsaturated fatty acid,and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents of the WB stock are significantly lower than those of the FB stock (P<0.05).Analysis of the genetic structure based on genome wide SNP markers reveals that the polymorphic information contents (PIC) of the WB and FB stocks are 0.100 7 and 0.100 4,respectively,indicating low levels of genetic diversity (PIC<0.25).The genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) between the stocks is 0.030 5,and the gene flow (Nm) iss 7.942 8,suggesting extensive gene exchange between the two stocks.This study provides a favorable reference for the development,breeding,and sustainable utilization of P. pekinensis.

导出引用

石昌何, 郑先虎, 孙志鹏, 刘天奇, 那荣滨, 鲁翠云. 长江与黑龙江流域长春鳊养殖群体种质特征比较分析[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2025, 40(1): 146-155 https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-129

SHI Changhe, ZHENG Xianhu, SUN Zhipeng, LIU Tianqi, NA Rongbin, LU Cuiyun. Comparative analysis between germplasm characteristics of cultured stocks of Parabramis pekinensis in the Yangtze River and in the Heilongjiang River Basin[J]. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 2025, 40(1): 146-155 https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2024-129

中图分类号： S 932.4