底质和规格对缢蛏潜沙行为及摄食率的影响

doi:10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-361

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大连海洋大学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5) : 804-811. DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-361

底质和规格对缢蛏潜沙行为及摄食率的影响

张树源，王新星，刘琦，李一峰，沈和定，牛东红*

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Effects of sediment type and shell length on burrowing behavior and feeding rate of razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta)

ZHANG Shuyuan，WANG Xinxing，LIU Qi，LI Yifeng，SHEN Heding，NIU Donghong *

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摘要

为了探究缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)对底质的选择及潜沙后的摄食差异，以不同规格缢蛏(壳长分别为2.5、3.0、3.5 cm)为试验对象，研究了不同底质类型(全泥、1/3沙、2/3沙和全沙)和底质厚度(6、12、18、24、30 cm)对其潜沙行为、摄食率的影响。结果表明：在水温为25 ℃、盐度为20条件下，规格和底质类型对缢蛏潜沙率、潜沙时间存在极显著交互作用(P<0.01)，24 h内仅在全泥底质下潜沙率达到100%，当底质含沙率大于30%时，缢蛏的潜沙行为明显受阻，不同规格个体间的半数竖壳时间(TE50)均有显著性差异(P<0.05)；规格和底质厚度对缢蛏潜沙率、潜沙时间和摄食率均无显著交互作用(P>0.05)，个体规格与潜沙深度、摄食率存在显著正相关关系(P<0.05)，其中，壳长3.5 cm的缢蛏个体潜沙深度约为底质厚度的2/3，且在18 cm底质厚度下的摄食率为6 cm底质厚度下的2.12倍，在6 cm底质厚度下，壳长2.5 cm缢蛏摄食率最大。研究表明，适宜缢蛏潜沙的底质为泥质底，小规格缢蛏潜沙能力较强，且底质越厚越有利于其下潜后的摄食。

Abstract

In order to investigate the sediment selection and feeding differences of razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) after burrowinging, different sizes of razor clam with shell lengths of 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 cm were used as experimental objects to study the effects of different sediment types (total mud, 1/3 sand, 2/3 sand, total sand) and sediment thickness (6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 cm) on burrowing behavior and feeding rate. The results showed that the size and sediment type had a very significant interactive effect on the burrowing rate and time (P<0.01), with 100% of burrowing rate only within 24 hours in total mud sediment. The burrowing behavior of razor clam was obviously blocked at the sediment containing over 30% of sand, with significant difference in the half shell vertical time (TE50) between different sizes (P<0.05). There was no significant interaction of clam shell sizes and sediment thickness on the burrowing rate, burrowing time and feeding rate (P>0.05), with significant positive correlation between individual size and burrowing depth and feeding rate (P<0.05). The razor clam with a shell length of 3.5 cm had burrowing depth at about 2/3 of the sediment thickness, and as high 2.12 times feeding rate as that the individuals in a thickness of 6 cm did, under a sediment thickness of 6 cm, with the maximal feeding rate of razor clam with a shell length of 2.5 cm. In conclusion, the suitable sediment for burrowing of razor clam is muddy, with strong burrowing ability in small sizes. The thicker the sediment is, the more conducive to feeding after burrowing is.

关键词

缢蛏

/ 规格 / 底质 / 潜沙 / 摄食率

Key words

Sinonovacula constricta / size / sediment / burrowing / feeding rate

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张树源, 王新星, 刘琦, 李一峰, 沈和定, 牛东红. 底质和规格对缢蛏潜沙行为及摄食率的影响[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2023, 38(5): 804-811 https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-361

ZHANG Shuyuan, WANG Xinxing, LIU Qi, LI Yifeng, SHEN Heding, NIU Donghong . Effects of sediment type and shell length on burrowing behavior and feeding rate of razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta)[J]. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 2023, 38(5): 804-811 https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-361

中图分类号： S 967.5