鱼类副乳房链球菌病研究进展

doi:10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2021-032

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大连海洋大学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6) : 1059-1070. DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2021-032

鱼类副乳房链球菌病研究进展

李战军,张建柏,曹亚男,陈坤,刘蓬,徐惠章,王鹤

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Research progress on diseases caused by pathogen Streptococcus parauberis in fish: a review

LI Zhanjun, ZHANG Jianbai, CAO Ya’nan, CHEN Kun, LIU Peng, XU Huizhang, WANG He

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摘要

副乳房链球菌Streptococcus parauberis是引起牛源和鱼源链球菌病的主要病原菌，该菌分布广、致病力强，曾给世界范围的鱼类养殖业造成重大经济损失。副乳房链球菌最初被认为是乳房链球菌S.uberis Ⅱ型，后经分子鉴定确定为新种，可感染包括海淡水、养殖或野生等众多鱼类发病，出现类似败血特性的临床症状,温度是其流行暴发致病的最主要诱因。根据荚膜多糖结构差异可将副乳房链球菌分为多种血清型，不同血清型对宿主的致病力不同。常规生理生化鉴定较难准确鉴别副乳房链球菌，基于PCR技术的分子鉴定是该菌的最常用检测手段。目前，药物防治仍然是副乳房链球菌病防控的首选方法，但菌株已逐渐出现耐药甚至多重耐药，尽管疫苗是最安全有效的防控措施，但商用疫苗还有待于进一步试验。此外，鉴于噬菌体的特性，其有可能成为抗生素类药物的替代品。本文梳理归纳了鱼类副乳房链球菌病原学、流行病学与临床症状、致病机制、检测方法、耐药性、防治措施等方面的研究进展，并提出今后应在加强副乳房链球菌的流行病学与致病机制、科学筛选防治药物、加大疫苗研发力度等方面开展深入研究，以期为养殖生产中鱼源副乳房链球菌病防控提供科学参考。

Abstract

Streptococcus parauberis as the main pathogen of streptococcosis in cattle and fish has brought huge economic losses due to strong contagiousness and wide distribution. It was originally considered to be S.uberis type Ⅱ and then identified as a new specie by molecular identification. The bacterium can infect many fishes, which caused clinical symptoms with characteristics of suppurative exophalmia and meningoencephalitis. Temperature was the most important cause of disease in its epidemic outbreak. According to the structural differences in capsular polysaccharides, it can divides into several serotypes showing various virulence to the host. Conventional physiological-biochemical identification method is difficult to identify S.parauberis accurately, thus molecular identification is the most common way based on PCR technology. At present, aquaculture depends on antibiotics to treat or prevent S.parauberis disease in fish. But there appear antimicrobials-resistant strains or even multi-drug-resistant strains. Vaccination is an alternative method to control streptococcal diseases though vaccination needs to be further tested. There is a tendency that bacteriophage may become a substitute for antibiotic drugs. This paper summarizes the research progress on etiology, epidemiology and clinical symptoms, pathogenic mechanism, detection methods, drug resistance and prevention measures in order to provide effective means of prevention and control of S.parauberis in fish.

导出引用

李战军, 张建柏, 曹亚男, 陈坤, 刘蓬, 徐惠章, 王鹤. 鱼类副乳房链球菌病研究进展[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2021, 36(6): 1059-1070 https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2021-032

LI Zhanjun, ZHANG Jianbai, CAO Ya’nan, CHEN Kun, LIU Peng, XU Huizhang, WANG He. Research progress on diseases caused by pathogen Streptococcus parauberis in fish: a review[J]. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 2021, 36(6): 1059-1070 https://doi.org/10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2021-032

中图分类号： S 941.42