/ font-size:9px / ">Water fleas  / / font-family:SimSun / font-size:9px / ">Daphnia / font-size:9px / ">  / / font-family:SimSun / font-size:9px / ">magna / font-size:9px / ">  / as an important test organism for heavy metals pollution monitoring has been widely used in the ecotoxicological studies of single metal and joint toxicity of heavy metals. This paper introduces accumulation pathways of heavy metals in water environment, summarized the application status, main achievements and the newest progress of heavy metals in the ecotoxicological studies of water fleas  / / font-family:SimSun / font-size:9px / ">D / font-size:9px / ">. / font-family:SimSun / font-size:9px / ">magna / font-size:9px / ">  / in recent decades. The current toxic mechanisms, Biotic Ligand Model (BLM), toxicity experiments design and applications, and the aspects needing to be strengthened in the future are also prospected to provide a reference for monitoring heavy metal pollution, ecological risk prevention and control in freshwater by  / / font-family:SimSun / font-size:9px / ">D / font-size:9px / ">.  / / font-family:SimSun / font-size:9px / ">magna / font-size:9px / ">. / ">